Item No. 6c_supp .
Meeting 1/27/09 .
Alaskan Way Viaduct / Seawall
Replacement Programep ace e t  og a



Port of Seattle Commission
January 27, 2009

Port of Seattle relies on an
efficient transportation systemffi i  t t     t ti     t
The Port of Seattle is an
international gateway creating
jobs and economic growth forjobs and economic growth for 
the region in an environmentally
responsible way.
We must have a transportation
system that moves people and
cargo quickly and efficiently.


2

Port of Seattle relies on an
efficient transportation systemffi i  t t     t ti     t
Our priorities for a viaduct replacement:
provides sufficient capacity
to move freight traffic
efficiently
grants easy access to our
cargo, commercial fishing cargo commercial fishing
and cruise facilities and
Sea-Tac Airport
minimizes construction
disruption

3

Port of Seattle relies on an
efficient transportation systemffi i  t t     t ti     t
Without the capacity and connections we need, cargo  and Without the capacity and connections we need cargo  and
the jobs associated with it  will go away, and the thousands
of businesses dependent on maritime, trade and passenger
activities will be in jeopardy.




4

Bored Tunnel Hybrid Alternative
On Jan. 13, 2009, Governor Gregoire, King County Executive Sims
and Mayor Nickels announced that the bored tunnel hybrid
alternative was their preferred solution to replace the central
waterfront portion of the viaduct.




5

State, City and County Guiding Principles
The three executives agreed that any solution for the Alaskan WayThe three executives agreed that any solution for the Alaskan Way 
Viaduct needed to be grounded in a commitment and integration
across six guiding principles:
Improve public safety.
Provide efficient movement of people and goods now and in
the futurethe future.
Maintain or improve downtown Seattle, regional, the port and
state economies.
Enhance Seattle's waterfront, downtown and adjacent
neighborhoods as a place for people.
Create solutions that are fiscally responsible.Create solutions that are fiscally responsible
Improve the health of the environment.                       6

Funding Strategy for Bored TunnelF  di  St  t   f  B  d  T   l
Proposed Project Implementation Responsibility
State     King County   City of     Port of      Costs
MVET   Seattle  Seattle ***
Moving Forward and Prior       $600 million                      $300 million  $900 million*
Expenditures
SR 99 Bored Tunnel          $1.9 billion**                              $1.9 billion
Alaskan Way Surface Street and    $290 million             $100 million            $390 million
Promenade
Central Seawall                                   $255 million            $255 million
Utility Relocation                                    $250 million            $250 million
City Streets and Transit Pathways              $25 million   $190 million            $215 million
Transit Infrastructure and Services              $115 million   $135 million             $250 million
Construction Transit Service      $30 million    $50 million                        $80 million
Total                     $2.82 billion   $190 million  $930 million  $300 million  $4.24 billion
Transit Operations Annual Cost               $15 million                       $15 million
*Reflects cost savings from Moving Forward program realized by not repairing the viaduct from Lenora to Battery Street *R fl  t   t   i   f   M  i  F    d         li  d b   t   i i  th  i d  t f   L    t B tt  St  t
Tunnel and not completing the second phase of fire and life safety upgrades to the Battery Street Tunnel.
**Reflects the most likely cost based on a conceptual design. The potential cost range is between $1.2 billion and $2.2 billion.
***Agreement in concept for up to $300 million subject to Port of Seattle Commission review and approval.           7

Next Steps
Before the bored tunnel can be designed and built, theg
WSDOT team needs to:
Get legislative approval for necessary funding.
Work with the city, county and port to coordinate project
implementation.
Complete environmental review process.Complete environmental review process.
Develop additional preliminary engineering and soils
exploration.
Meet with community groups and businesses to finalize
design.

8

Program Timeline
2008  2009  2010  2011  2012  2013  2014  2015  2016  2017
Relocate electrical lines between S. Massachusetts Street and
Railroad Way S.
Replace the viaduct from S. Holgate to
S. King streets
Implement Moving Forward transit enhancements
and    and other improvements            other improvements
Mercer Street construction from I-5 to Dexter Avenue

S. Spokane Street Project construction

Bored tunnel env. documentation        Bored tunnel construction
Alaskan Way and waterfront
promenade construction*
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*Seawall construction will take place before Alaskan Way and promenade construction

Bored Tunnel Timeline
2009   2010   2011   2012   2013   2014   2015
Environmental review and preliminary design

Right-of-way acquisition and
permitting
InitiatI iti t e con ttractiti ng: ttunnel l b b orii ng machine and         hi     d
design-build contract

Major construction

Bored   Bored tunnel open to drivers             tunnelopen to drivers
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Port Project Needs
December 2008 LetterDecember 2008 Letter
The choice for the replacement of the Alaskan Way Viaduct
should achieve the best balance of:should achieve the best balance of:
job retention and creation
sustainable regional economic vitality
environmental benefits
1. Maximize jobs and economic benefits in weighing total,
life-cycle costs
2. Ensure efficient access to the working waterfront for a
growing economy
3.3 Enhance the waterfront environment for people & goods
4. Replace capacity for long-term regional growth
5. Support seawall improvements

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Replace capacity for long-term
regional growthregional growth
The bored tunnel alternative:
Maintains capacity in the SR 99 corridor.
The tunnel will carry 85,000 vehicles through downtown Seattle
each day at year of opening (with room to grow).
Surface Alaskan Way will carry about 25,000 vehicles daily.S  f    Al  k   W    ill      b  t 25 000   hi l   d il
Today's Viaduct carries approximately 110,000 vehicles daily.
Accommodates in-city trips through new investments in local Accommodates in city trips through new investments in local
streets and transit.
New bus service will carry approximately 17,000 additional daily
riders, primarily serving northwest and southwest Seattle.
Reduces congestion and single occupant vehicle idling.
Preserves Interstate 5 for state and regional through trips with
expanded north-south vehicle capacity and improved travel times.expanded north south vehicle capacity and improved travel times
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Maximize economic benefits
in weighing total costi   i   hi   t   t   l   t
The bored tunnel alternative:
Enables continued growth in Port
operations.
Maintains today's travel times for Maintains today's travel times for
trips through downtown.
Minimizes construction disruption.
Improves design for lane andp      g
shoulder widths and modernizes
fire, life and safety standards.
Structural engineers agree that
tunnels are one of the safest placestunnels are one of the safest places 
to be during an earthquake.
Maintains and creates 10,000 jobs
each year over the course of the
project.project
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Ensure efficient access to the working
waterfront for a growing economyt f  t f      i
The bored tunnel alternative:
Minimizes construction impacts to
waterfront businesses and the
local community.
Provides room for freight and port
traffic to grow.g
Surface street improvements
include key east-west arteries:
Spokane St, SR519, Mercerp    ,    ,
Corridor, and East Marginal Way.

14

Enhance the waterfront environment
for people and goodsp p    g
and
Support seawall improvements
The bored tunnel alternative:
Creates a new system to improve Creates a new system to improve
and handle storm water runoff.
Moves SR 99 underground and
eliminates existing viaduct noiseeliminates existing viaduct noise,
shadowing and view blockage.
Creates new transit, bike and
pedestrian connections.
Reconnects downtown with the
natural environment in Elliott Bay.
Creates a memorable place for
people to live, work and play.l   li     k   d   l
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Key Port components


- South End Holgate to King
- Elliott/Western/15th Ave W connections
- Complementary street upgrades: Spokane Street Corridor,
East Marginal Way, SR 519, Duwamish ITS, Mercer Corridor
- Transit investments for commuter trips
- Construction/Business impact mitigation
- Seawall replacementSeawall replacement
- Viaduct risk mitigation
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On-going Port questions
What is the design for the other essential street network
connections?connections?
What is the most efficient surface connection for NW Seattle and
freight mobility?
How will other components surface street be improved?
How does the tunnel connect to the street network, particularly at
the South End?
What are the risks for the funding plan?What are the risks for the funding plan?
How will other agencies' contributions impact operating costs
of our tenants and businesses?
What are the partnership risks as Tunnel Alternative requires
further approvals?
How will the Port decide its participation?H   ill th P t d  id it   ti i  ti ?
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Next Steps for Port of Seattle
In transitioning to a new partnership, we need to:
Work with the state, city and county as they proceed with central
waterfront project implementation. Their initial tasks include:
Resolve open design issues.
Develop additional preliminary engineering and soils exploration.
Complete environmental review and community involvement.Complete environmental review and community involvement
Secure necessary legislative approvals.
Continue collaboration on Viaduct South End and other early projectsContinue collaboration on Viaduct South End and other early projects.
Assess funding partnership opportunities for Port of Seattle.

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Back PocketBack Pocket

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Presentation Agenda
1.   Bored Tunnel Hybrid Alternative
2.   Guiding Principles and
Decision-Making Process
3.   Tunneling Technology
4.   SR 99 Bored Tunnel
5.   Bored Tunnel vs. Cut-and-
Cover Tunnel
6.6   Successful Delivery of Bored Successful Delivery of Bored
Tunnels
7.   Bored Tunnel vs. Big Dig
8.   Next Steps
9.   Schedules

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Decision-Making Process
Along the way, three groups met regularly to review technical analysis and
weigh-in on the options considered for replacing the central waterfront. Those
groups were:
Stakeholder Advisory Committee:
- 29 individuals representing communities, economic interests and
cause-driven organizations.
- Met 16 times over a 13-month period to review and provide
comment to program staff.
Interagency Working Group:
- 14 agencies reviewed and provided input on the technical details of
waterfront replacement options.
Executive Oversight Committee:
- Included the Governor, King County Executive, Mayor, State
Senate Transportation Chair, State House Transportation Chair,
King County Council Transportation Chair and Seattle City Council King County Council Transportation Chair and Seattle City Council
Transportation Chair.
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- Reviewed options an analysis throughout the 13-month period.

Tunneling Technology
Tunneling technology is
rapidly advancing, with tunnel
boring machines as large asboring machines as large as 
62 feet in diameter on order.
Seattle
Successful tunnel
boring machine projects:b i  hi    j t
Sound Transit Beacon Hill:
21 feet in diameter
Hamburg and Moscow:
46.6 feet in diameter
Madrid: 50 feet in diameter
Shanghai: 50.6 feet in
diameter diameter
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Tunneling in Seattle Soils
Numerous tunnel machines, including several in Seattle, have
successfully excavated ground conditions similar to those anticipated.
Over 150 tunnels have been constructed in Seattle since 1890, mostly
in glacial soils. Examples include:i  l  i  l  il  E    l  i  l  d
Sound Transit Beacon Hill:
Glacial sand, silt, clay and till Glacial sand silt clay and till
up to 160-ft depth.
Soils were similar to the
hard/dense soils along most of h d/d     il  l     t f
proposed alignment.
Denny Way CSO:
Glacial sand, silt, clay and till
up to 160-ft depth.
Soils were similar to
hard/dense soils along most of
proposed alignment.                          23

Bored Tunnel Hybrid Alternative
SR 99 Tunnel:
54' diameter, single bore tunnel.g
Two lanes of traffic in each direction.
ppAroximately 1.7 miles long.y   g
Between 30 and 200 feet underground.
Carries approximately 85,000 vehiclesCarries approximately 85,000 vehicles 
each day through downtown Seattle.
Construction is expected to begin in 2011 and
be open to drivers in 2015be open to drivers in 2015.
Alaskan Way surface street:
FoFour-lane roadway with two lanes in each direction.r lane road a   ith t o lanes in each direction
Carries approximately 25,000 vehicles per day.              24

SR 99 Bored Tunnel Cost
Risk-based estimating nationally recognized as a best practice
or mega-projects
Cost
(Millions)
Construction Estimate (bored tunnel only)                          $944
Construction Management and Administration                      $118
Preliminary and Final DesignPreliminar and Final Design                                  $118
Contingency                                        $150
Risk                                               $268
Escalation (per Global Insight)                                   $166
Right-of-Way Costs                                      $149
TOTAL                                  $1,913


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CEVP-Type Cost Range



Most Probable Cost (Range)
20% chance the cost is
less than $1.2 billion
60% chance the cost is 60% chance the cost is
less than $1.9 billion
80% chance the cost is
less than $2.2 billion

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Bored Tunnel vs. Previous Cut-and-Cover Tunnel
Alternative
Bored Tunnel         Previous Cut-and-Cover
Hybrid AlternativeH b idAlt   ti        Tunnel AlternativeT   lAlt   ti
Stacked with two lanes in each       Stacked with three lanes in each
direction.                       direction.
Constructed under First Avenue.      Constructed along the waterfront.
Top of tunnel is 30 to 200 feet below   Top of tunnel is 10 feet below the
the surface.                    surface.
Viaduct can stay open to traffic       Viaduct would have been closed for
while the tunnel is being built.        3.5 years under the "short"
construction plan.
Construction is estimated to take Construction is estimated to take
4.5 years.                    Construction was estimated to take
7 years under the "short"
Limits impacts to waterfront
construction plan.
businesses.businesses
Would cause major impacts to
waterfront businesses.        27

Successful Delivery of Bored Tunnel Projects
EExamples of Tunnel Excavation in Urban Areasl   f   T   l   E   ti   i Elbe Tunnel Slurry MachineU   b   A
1.  4th Elbe River, Hamburg: Successfully excavated 1.6
miles at 46.6-ft-diameter.
2.  Lefortovo Tunnel, Moscow: Rebuilt Elbe TBM successfully
excavated 2 bores each 1.4 miles long at 46.6-ft-diameter.
Same machine refurbished for another 2 tunnels in
Moscow.
3.  Madrid M30 EPB: Successfully excavated 2 bores each
1.3 miles long at 50-ft-diameter by 2 closed-face TBMs
built by different manufacturers. M30 diameter was about
10 ft larger than previous TBMs (~50% greater face area).
Madrid Calle M30
4.  Shanghai Yangtze River Mixshield: Successfully
excavated 2 bores each 4.6 miles long at 50.6-ft-diameter.
This TBM is the current record holder for diameter. Tunnel
completed about a year ahead of original schedule.completed about a year ahead of original schedule

Pending Record Holder
Moscow Road/Rail Tunnel: A 62-ft-diameter Mixshield hasM    R  d/R il T   l A 62 ft di   t  Mi hi ld h
been ordered. This diameter is 11-ft larger than Shanghai
TBM, the current record holder.                          Seven tunnel boring machines will be used in
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the Madrid Calle 30 project

Alaskan Way Bored Tunnel vs. Boston's Big Dig
More differences than similarities           Bored Tunnel  Big Dig
& South End & S th E d PProjectsj t
Project
Boston's Big Dig Central Artery/Tunnel
Substantially larger and more complex            Total Project Length  2.8 miles     8 miles
including:                                 Number of tunnels*  1          3
1. Very disruptive cut-and-cover tunnel through the          Length of tunnels*    2 miles        5 miles
central city under the existing elevated roadway and 2
Total lane miles  12.8 miles   >161 miles
subway lines.
*Boston Big Dig tunnels included cut-and-cover, immersed
2. A signature cable-stayed bridge over the Charles           tubes, jacked tunnel and other special tunneling methods.
River, cut and cover through South Boston.River cut-and-cover through South Boston
3. Two sets of immersed tubes under the harbor to the     SR 99 Bored Tunnel
airport and the complex interchange with very poor       Project will run 30-200 feet underground
geotechnical conditions.                         minimizing traffic disruption and impacts to the
Project was disruptive and required extensivej   p  waterfront and downtownq
traffic management and mitigation.           WSDOT uses the CEVP process on all state
The initial project cost number did not include       projects over $100M to ensure costs are complete,
added scope, mitigation and environmental      reasonable, defendable and appropriately
requirements, inflation andq     ,appropriate     pprepresent risk and uncertainties.p
allowance for risk and escalation.             WSDOT is a strong owner in policy, management
and technical capability and Governor Gregoire is
The Central Artery/Tunnel did not have a
project authority
strong agency management or consistent
leadership throughout the course of the        WSDOT will maintain this strength over the life of
project.                                 the project, assisted by eminent private-sector
engineers and contractors
As a result, the project was delivered grossly
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over budget and years behind schedule.          - Accountable to the public, Governor and
Legislature

Alaskan Way Viaduct and Seawall Replacement Program





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