)7 ~' AHM 611
meagemsauusu
REQBENIBIBIFFIESg TRAINING
ANEIMAMFIMWQNS
1.   INTRODUCTION
The dynamics of the airside environment have the potential
for producing conict between personnel, equipment oper-
ations and aircraft and/or facilities.
To ensure safety, quality and prociency; denitive perform-
ance and responsibility criteria is required for all personnel
engaged in airside activities. Organisations shall establish
.
minimum training requirements for all personnel whose
duties-requireairside access.~
2.   SCOPE
The scope of this AHM is to provide a guideline of factors
that shall be considered in establishing the responsibilities,
prociency and qualifications of personnel operating airside
as well as to dene the requirements for airside training
programs.
The content of this AHM should be read in conjunction with
other appropriate AHMs.
3.   RESPONSIBILITIES
sweats.
.   follow saf eragtiggsg

o          ,.       g.
EMMvgperaoaneciattsmaslss .
o   v  'le/equipmentchecks;

' Woedures;


' '
o   inciggmggrng
Supervisory level
0   allocation and direction of resources;

.   coordination of aircraft handling functions;

0   performance monitoring;

'
- incident reporting.
Management level
.   provision of resources;

0   health and safety management;

0   budgetary control;

0   incident reporting.


. 4.   TRAINING
4.1   Objective

{he _' Mininguis ito "ensureiilthat learners," are.
233m_  o..' e mimmaqmsite .skaIIs-aknowIedgeMm
ate the task being trained  in  a sateand efficient ,
mew.




33RD EDITION, JANUARY 2013

Airside Management and Safety-=AHltll 611

4.2  Definitions                                   To maintain ongoing competence, each individual's perform-
ance shall be assessed at intervals that will be not less than
once every three years
Training       Instruction in a new task or skill or whenever
changes to equipment or processes occur.         This may be achieved by
v   Refresher training or
Recurrent     Company, Industry or legislative mandated
topics that have to be repeated within              o   Observation(s) of the persons performance or
specic time frames.                             0   Written test(s)
Re-training    Repeat of 'Training' to verify understanding.
initiated following procedural failure,               6.   TRAINING PROGRAM ELEMENTS
accident/incident, near miss or prolonged
absence from the working environment.            6.1   Safety Training

Refresher     Revision of training modules relevant to a          6.1.1   General
persons function.
The following  matrix indicates the          that shall  be
Assessment  A structured system to ensure the ongoing                                      subjects
included in safety training according to job function.
competence of the individual in relation to
key items of theirjob function.
Function/      1        2        3        4        5
4.3  Processes                                      subject
6.1.2.1      All       All       All      All      All
Theoretical and practical skills training shall be conducted by
personnel who have demonstrated the skills to deliver the         6.1.2.2      All       All       All      All      All
training effectively, and who have competence (knowledge,         6.1.2.3    af, h-n     All       All      All      All
skill and experience) in the subjects to be instructed.
6.1.2.4      All       All       All      All      All
Assessments shall be conducted by persons who have
6.1.2.5
appropriate knowledge, skills and experience in the functions                     All       All       All      All      All
being assessed                                               6.1.2.6      All      All      All      All      All
WhigWEI? oftheoretical '(suttable and '6.1.2.7   All   All   All   All   All
spfcint In ormaTh andWm       to-thetonic
.       6.1.2.8
Wmu?                Io' Vefl the            All    All    All    All
and prams! gtiiigiri%                                                              All
ending at and ability to campieiehthem'        6.1.2.9    a-c, e-g  a-c, e-g  a-c, e-g    All      All
b trained. .
6.1.2.10      X        X        X       All      All
Changes to processes or equipment shall be communicated
to relevant personnel and appropriate additional information      Legend:
and training shall be delivered.
Function 1:  Any person whose duties require airside
4.4  Records
access.
A'Il'tra'trmgrWumvm.  . Function 2: Any person whose duties require them to
nffed momma ons sten mam                           operate basic GSE, such as tractors, belt
The record shall identify the date when the particular subject                   loaders etc.
matter has been delivered to the learner. The trainer will sign       Function 3:  As per function 2, plus the operation of
or initial that they have delivered the training.                                  specialised equipment, including but not
The learner will, as acknowledgement and understanding                limited to; aircraft movement units, container/
of the training, sign or initial the appropriate subject matter on                   pallet loaders, deicers, catering vehicles and
the training record form.                                                     also exercises control on aircraft movement
Training content and records shall be made available for                   operations and performs lead responSibility
over other personnel.
review by  an  authorised air carrier representative and/or
regulatory authority.                                            Function 4:  First level of operational management,
Where electronic or computer based training record systems                   including supervisory personnel having
are maintained, the content shall include, as a minimum, the                   responsibility for directing staff and equipment
learner's        test mark achieved, date of training and                   resources, controlling the operational activity.
name,
course reference.'                                           Function 5:.  Station management having responsibility for
resource issues, health and safety, incident
5.   QUALIFICATIONS                                        management and budgetary control.
Knowledge verification will be required through, where appli-      Note;  The  above  functional  denitions  should  not  be
cable, a written test of the topic trained which shall have a      regarded as exclusive and may be varied as determined by
minimum pass mark of 80% and there shall be a review      local requirements and considerations.
process for addressing all question failures even if the pass
mark has been achieved. Practical competEnoy VEHcation      6.1.2   Program content
snail beeclevod through trainer evaltiation
Upon successful completion of the above, personnel can be
considered as qualied to fulfill their assigned duties.              (a)  Company safety policy and program
(b)  Employer/employee safety functions and responsibilities


33RD EDITION. JANUARY 2013                                                                                            485

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IATA   Airport Handling Manual

6.1.2.2 Safety regulations                                      6.1.2.7 FOD prevention program
(a)  international Aviation regulations                                Refer to AHM635
(b)  National regulations                                       6.1.2.8 Personal protection
(0)  Airport airside regulations                                  (a)  Personal protective equipment e.g.
(d)  Safe Working Practices/Safe Operating Practices                      Hi-visibility clothing
6.1.2.3 Hazards                                                        Protective  clothing for:  Ears.  Feet/Toes.  Knees,
Hands, Eyes
Examples but not all inclusive:
Vehicle movements                                      (b)  Occupational health program
(a)
(c)  Musculoskeletal injury prevention programs
(b)  Pedestrian movements
Weather exposure
(0)  Aircraft movements                                        (d)
6.1.2.9 Accidents, Incidents and Near Misses
(d)  Jet engines
Personnel injuries
(e)  Propeller driven aircraft and helicopters                      (a)
(f)  Aircraft antennae and other protrusions                      (b)  Damage to aircraft. ground equipment and facilities
(0)  Reporting
(9)  GSE
4
Aircraft fuelling and fuel spills                               (d)  investigation
(h)
(e)  Prevention
(i)  Adverse and seasbnal weather conditions
(f)  The cost of accidents/incidents
(1') Night operations
Risk assessment review
(k)  Working at height                                         (9)
6.1.2.10 Airside safety supervision
(I)   Slips. trips and falls
(m) Noise                                                    (a)  Creating an open reporting culture
Manual Handling                                          (b)  Performance monitoring
(n)
Co-ordination of airside activities
(0)  Runway incursions                                        (c)
6.1.2.4 Human factors                                         (d)  Workload Management
Decision Making
(a)  Motivation and attitude                                     (e)
(b)  Human behaviour                                         (f)   Planning
(c)  Communication skills                                      6.2   Driver Training
(d)  Stress
6.2.1   Program content
(e)  Ergonomics
(f)  The effects of drugs and alcohol                            6.2.1.1 The role and responsibilities of vehicle operators
(9)  Fatigue                                                  (a)  tness to drive (medical/health standards) per national
or airport requirements;
(h)  Time pressures
(b)  use  of personal  protective  equipment such  as  high
(i)   Peer/management pressure
visibility clothing and hearing protection;
(j)   Situational Awareness
(0)  general driving standards;
(k)  Team work
(d)  speed  limits.  prohibited  areas and  no parking  regu-
6.1.2.5 Airside markings and signage                                lations;
6.1.2.6 Emergency situations                                   (e)  vehicle reversing;
(a)  Reporting                                                 (f)  staff and passengers walking across aprons;
(b)  Injuries                                                   (9)  vehicle towing restrictions;
(c)  Security threats                                           (h)  vehicle movement in proximity to maneuvering aircraft
(d)  Spillages                                                     and navigational equipment/signage;
(e)  Location and response to alarms and emergency stops        (i)   smoking restrictions;
(f)   Fuel shut-offs                                             (j)   FOD - types. effects and required action;
(9)  Ground to Flight deck emergency handsignals                (k)  assurance of vehicle suitability for the task and used
correctly;
(h)  Fire
(I)   consequences of contravening  rules and  regulations
(i)   Severe weather
related to operation of vehicles airside.
(j)   Emergency procedures for on stand evacuation




486                                                           33RD EDITION. JANUARY 2013

Airside Management and SafetyAHM 611

5:212 Vehicle/equipment standards                            6.2.3   Maneuvering area
(a)  condition and maintenance standards agreed at aero-
Vehicle operators requiring operational access to maneuver
drome and/or national level;
ing areas shall receive additional training to that outlined in
(b)  requirements to display obstruction lights and company      6. 2.1 and 6.2.2 above. This training shall include.
insignia;                                                  6.2.3.1 identification of obstacle free areas, e.g. navigation
(c)  requirements and content of daily vehicle inspections;         aids, limited access areas
(d)  agreed standards of aerodrome and company vehicle      6.2.3.2 Aerodrome Regulations and Requirements
fault reporting and rectification;
6.2.3.3 Air Traffic Control
(e)  local requirements for the issue and display of Airside
(a)  function of aerodrome control and its area of responsi-
Vehicle Permits (AVPs)
bility;
6:2.4.3 Hazards ofairside driving                               (b)  function of ground movement control and its area of
(a)  the danger zones around aircraft,                                responsibility;
(b)  engine  suction/ingestion  and  blast,  propellers  and      (0)  normal  and  emergency  procedures  used  by  ATC
helicopters,                                                   relating to aircraft;
(c)  aircraft refuelling,                                          (d)  ATC frequencies  used  and  normal handover/transfer
(d)  fuel spillage.                                                  points for vehicles;
(e)  congestion on the ramp.                                    (e)  ATC call signs, vehicle call signs, phonetic alphabet,
standard phraseology;
massaged visibility procedures
(f)   demarcation of responsibilities between ATC and Apron
(a)  driving at night;
Control if applicable.
(b)  driving in adverse weather conditions, particularly low
6.23.4 Aerodrome Layout
visibility.
(3)  standard lCAO signs, markings and lights used on the
6.2.1.5 Accident and incident repprtiggprooedures                    maneuvering area;
(a)  actioh to be taken in the event of a vehicle aCCIdent,
(b)  signs, markings and lights used to protect the runway;
(b)  action to be taken in the event of a vehicle striking an
(c)  description of equipment essential to air navigation such
aircraft
as lLS;
(0)  action to be taken in the event of fire,
(d)  description of protected zones related to lLS antenna;
' (d) action to be taken in the event of aircraft accident/
(e)  description of lLS protected areas and their relation to
incident,
runway holding points;
(e)  action to be taken in the event of personal injury.
(f)   description  of runway  instrument/visual strip,  cleared
6.2.2  Aprons, stands and airside roads                    and graded area;
(9)  description of lights used on the maneuvering area with
These elements are supplementary to that outlined in 6.2.1
particular emphasis on those related to low visibility
above.                                                            operations.
:      .Familiarizatigg          .9"gm     utzo 'erational      Bagmanewer1'39 Area DIM"?!
-W' vehicle mnidg'laide roads. aufc," 156 Erie's;
3.9-                                                          (a)  driving at night;
.
(a)  the general geography of the local aerodrome;                (b)  operations in low visibility and other adverse weather
conditions;
(b)  aviation terminology used;
(0)  rights  of way for  aircraft,  towed  aircraft and  PFFS
(c)  interpretation of airside markings and signage;                    vehicles in emergency;
(d)  markings and lights for both vehicles and aircraft;             (d)  actions to be taken in event of vehicle accident/incident;
(e)  signs, markings and lights used to guard runways;            (e)  actions to be taken in event of aircraft accident/incident;
(f)  any controlled/uncontrolled taxiway crossing procedures.      (f)   actions to be taken if FOD or other debris is found on
to,airside vehicle operations2.2.2 Airport rules. regulations and/onprocedures pertaining           runways and taxiways;
'
(g)  procedures to be used by vehicle operators if lost or
(a)  rules of air traffic services as they relate to vehicles,           unsure of position;
particularly rights of way;                                   (h)  procedures for vehicle and or radio becoming unservice-
(b)  specic aerodrome regulations, requirements and local          able whilst on maneuvering areas;
instructions;                                               (i)   alternative communication procedures in event of equip-
(c)  local methods used to disseminate general information           ment breakdown;
'
and instruction to drivers;                                   (j)   combined radio/vehicle failure procedures;
(d)  local methods used to disseminate information regarding      (k)  prevention of runway incursion.
works"In progress.
6.2.3.6. Radio communication requirements and procedures
6.2. 2.3 Procedures for crossing aircraft movement areas
(a)  radio procedures to be used, if applicable;
6.2.2.4 Pedestrian crosswalk rules
(b)  light signals used by ATC, if applicable;
(0)  how to contact the local aerodrome safety unit.


33RD EDITION. JANUARY 2013                                                                                            487

3'55
IATA   Airport Handling Manual

6.2.3.7 Aircraft Familiarisation                                   6.3   Aircraft Handling Training
(a)  knowledge of aircraft types and ability to identify all
6.3.1   Introduction
types normally operating at the aerodrome;
(b)  knowledge of Airline call signs;                             The  functions  of  aircraft  handling  include,  but  are  not
(0)  knowledge of aircraft terminology relating to engines,      limited to:
fuselage, control surfaces, undercarriage, lights, vents      (a)  assembly of load in bulk or in ULDs;
etc.                                                      (b)  loading/off-loading of aircraft;

6.2.4  Driver evaluation                                 (0)  completion of Loading Instruction Report (LlR);
(d)  aircraft movement;
In order to determine the competency (both knowledge and
skill) of the airside driver applicants, the training program      (e)  provision and operation of ground support equipment;
must include two forms of evaluation:                            (f)   provision and operation of passenger, crew vehicles and
(a)  a theory test that challenges the applicants' recall of          ambu-lift;
important information, procedures, policies,  rules and      (g)  toilet/water servicing;
driving restrictions; and,
(h)  cabin servicing;
(b)  a practical test that challenges the applicants" ability
(i)   catering;
to  apply  the  airside  vehicle  operation  requirements
(application  of  knowledge)  and,  ability  to  operate      (j)   fuelling;
vehicles and equipment (employer specic) (perform-      (k)  aircraft deicing/anti-icing;
ance) in the performance of their duties airside.               (l)   efcient management of resources, such as personnel,
6.2.4.1 Evaluation Elements                                        loading and servicing equipment, etc.;
Shall include, but not be limited to:                              (m) co-ordination  between  departments  and  functions
Aprons, stands and airside roads                                    involved in the handling of an aircraft.
(a)  airside service roads, taxiway crossings and any restric-      6.3.2  General
tions during low visibility;
Personnel shall, as appropriate to their job function, receive
(b)  aprons and stands;
training on the applicable subjects in the following list:
(c)  surface paint markings for vehicles and aircraft;
(a)  airside safety;
(d)  surface  paint  markings  that  delineate  the  boundary
between aprons and taxiways;                              (b)  security regulations;
(e)  signs, markings and lights used on the taxiway and help      (c)  irregularity/incident/accident reporting procedures;
indicate runways ahead;                                   (d)  manual handling of load;
(f)   parking areas and restrictions;                              (e)  safety during aircraft fuelling;
(9)  speed limits and regulations;                                (f)   principles of aircraft loading;
(h)  hazards during aircraft turnarounds and aircraft move-      (9)  handling of loads requiring special attention;
ments.                                                   (h)  loading incompatibilities;
Maneuvering area:                                             (i)   handling of aircraft Unit Load Devices (ULDs);
(a)  all runways (including access and exit routes), holding      (j)   operation of aircraft loading systems/securing of ULDs;
areas, taxiways and aprons;
(k)  identification/consequences of' malfunctions of in-plane
(b)  all signs, surface markings and lights associated with          loading systems;
runways, holding positions, CAT 1/2/3 operations;
(I)   consequences of load damage and spillage;
(0)  all signs, surface markings and lights associated with
taxiways;                                                 (m) positioning and operation of loading and servicing equip-
ment;
(d)  specic markings that demarcate the boundary between
(n)  notication to Captain of load being carried;
aprons and maneuvering area;
(0)
(e)  navigation aids such as ILS, protected area, antenna,          passenger embarkation/disembarkation procedures;
RVR equipment and other meteorological equipment;         (p)  standards of aircraft cleaning, lavatory and fresh water
(f)   hazards of operating around aircraft landing, taking off          servrcing;
or taxiing;                                                (q)  aircraft movement operations.
(9)  any locally used naming convention for particular areas      6.3.3   Program content
or routes.
As determined by local requirements all Airside Drivers shall      Training content shall be based (where applicable) on the
be  required  to  take  a  refresher/recurrent  evaluation  at      safe operating practices in:
pre-determined intervals.                                           IATA AHM 590 (Load Control)
lATA AHM 630 (Aircraft Handling)
IATA AHM 631 (Aircraft movement operations)
IATA AHM 634 (Passenger Boarding Bridge Operations)


488                                                           33RD EDlTlON, JANUARY 2013