Item Number:     6a_reso_______
Meeting Date:  October 24, 2017


1                                 RESOLUTION NO. 3736 
2 
3         A Resolution        of the Port of Seattle Commission establishing a Priority Hire
4                           Policy Directive; and amending the Policy Directive related to
5                           practices for construction labor for projects located on Port
6                           property adopted by Resolution No. 3725. 
7 
8 
9         WHEREAS, the construction industry is forecasted to experience consistent growth in 
10        the King County region over the next decade; and 
11 
12        WHEREAS,  numerous studies show a widening gap between the demand for
13        construction labor and the supply of skilled trade workers in the regional labor market
14        for King County public agencies. The Regional Public Owners Group estimates there will
15        be over sixty-seven billion dollars in public construction projects by 2042 with over
16        seventy million labor hours needed to fulfill this demand for projects. It is projected that
17        between 2018 and 2023 there will be a shortage of over 4100 skilled workers. Regional
18        labor supply is forecasted to underserve demand by an average of 9 to 10 percent during
19        2018-2042; and
20 
21        WHEREAS, the Port of Seattle has some of the largest investments in infrastructure
22        projects in the region. In 2017, the Port of Seattle is projected to spend approximately
23        $180 million on construction projects and estimates continual growth in future years.
24        The Port's capital investment dollars create the equivalent work hours of 10.89 jobs per
25        one million dollars spent, providing enough total hours to equal approximately 950 full
26        time jobs in Washington state in 2016; and 
27 
28        WHEREAS, most recent data for 2016 indicates that over 80 percent of the construction
29        workforce in King County are Caucasian males, while 19 percent are women and people
30        of color. Representation of women and people of color is higher among new entrants to
31        the labor force through Apprenticeships and accredited certificates of completion, such as
32        those received for completing a Pre-Apprenticeship program. However, according to the
33        analysis, women and people of color also have lower rates of Apprenticeship completion
34        than do their Caucasian male counterparts; and 
35 
36        WHEREAS, the Port of Seattle is committed to ensuring equity in the construction projects
37        workforce where disparities exist between underrepresented workers' availability to work
38        and their opportunity to be hired and establish a career in the construction trades; and 
39 

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40        WHEREAS, the Port of Seattle is a leader in workforce development and has found
41        construction job training programs, including Apprentice and Pre-Apprenticeship
42        programs, to be an effective way to prepare individuals for entry into construction jobs,
43        and to ensure women, people of color, and otherwise disadvantaged individuals, can
44        acquire the necessary job skills and be prepared to successfully pursue construction
45        careers; and 
46 
47        WHEREAS, the Port of Seattle was the first to adopt Apprenticeship Utilization Goals
48        over three decades ago and is committed to achieving its Apprenticeship hiring goals set
49        in Port policy and addressing the disproportionately low involvement by people of color
50        and women in the construction labor force.  Apprentice Utilization Goals for Port
51        construction projects is 15 percent, of which includes a goal of 10 percent women and
52        15 percent people of color. In 2016, Apprenticeship Utilization rates were 17 percent, of
53        which 18 percent were women and 28 percent were people of color; and 
54 
55        WHEREAS, on October 25, 2016, the Port of Seattle adopted Resolution No. 3725 that
56        established the Port of Seattle Construction Labor Policy Directive that states that the
57        Port shall establish appropriate apprentice and locality hiring goals and appropriate
58        aspirational women and minority apprentice hiring goals; and 
59 
60        WHEREAS, the Port of Seattle supports the City of Seattle and King County findings that
61        King County has geographic areas of economic distress as evidenced by poverty
62        indicators; including poverty levels, concentrated unemployment, and gaps in educational
63        attainment. The Port of Seattle seeks to act effectively and expeditiously to encourage
64        solutions toward economic growth and job creation in areas of the County that are
65        economically distressed as evidenced by comparatively high levels of poverty,
66        unemployment rates and education attainment; and 
67 
68        WHEREAS, Priority Hire enhances community partnerships focused on inclusion and
69        access to opportunities and services; expands opportunities for disadvantaged
70        populations to advance equity and social justice; and ensures that Port construction
71        projects are planned and implemented in a way that improves equity in local
72        communities; and 
73 
74        WHEREAS, the Port believes that establishing a Priority Hire policy ensures better access
75        to training programs and well-paying construction jobs for local workers, particularly
76        those from Economically Distressed Areas, as well as increases the diversity of the
77        workforce on Port construction projects; and 
78 

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79        WHEREAS, in 2017, the Port of Seattle convened community stakeholder meetings and
80        received input from contractors, labor union representatives, community advocates,
81        small contracting and supplier businesses, training providers, City of Seattle and King
82        County policy experts about the challenges and opportunities of a Priority Hire program.
83        The Port of Seattle intends to use the information received from these meetings as a
84        guide for implementing the priority hire program and developing a regional agreement
85        for use on public works projects; and 
86 
87        WHEREAS, Priority Hire focuses on workforce participation by Apprentices and journey-
88        level construction workers and is therefore directly connected to the Port's existing
89        Apprenticeship program; and 
90 
91        WHEREAS, the Port is committed to creating an acceptable worksite on public works
92        projects that is inclusive and focuses on anti-discrimination and anti-harassment
93        behaviors and procedures; and 
94 
95        WHEREAS, over the last two years, the Port of Seattle has participated as member of
96        the Regional Public Owners Group with the City of Seattle, King County, Sound Transit,
97        the City of Tacoma and the Washington State Department of Transportation, focused on
98        public agencies working together as regional partners; and 
99 
100        WHEREAS, the purpose of the Regional Public Owners Group is to better understand the
101        workforce demand-supply gap for regional public infrastructure projects; enhance
102        access opportunities and increase the diversity of Pre-Apprentices, Apprentices and
103        journey-level workers entering into the trades workforce; support retention programs
104        for current trades workers, especially women and people of color; and improve
105        performance data and systems of reporting for monitoring regional goals and initiatives;
106        and 
107 
108        NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Port Commission of the Port of Seattle as
109   follows: 
110 
111   SECTION 1. Resolution No. 3725 is amended as follows: 
112 
113        A. In Section 1.D. strike "and locality" and in Section 1 insert new language: "E. For
114   contracts under a PLA with projected construction labor costs at or above $5 million, the Port
115   shall establish Priority Hire goals." 
116 


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117       B. In Section II.C.2. strike "locality hiring and" and in Section II insert new language: "D. For
118   contracts under a PLA with projected construction labor costs at or above $5 million, the Port
119   shall establish Priority Hire goals." 
120 
121       C. In Section III.B.2. strike "locality hiring and" and Section III.B. insert new language: "3.
122   For contracts under a PLA with projected construction labor costs at or above $5 million, the
123   Port shall establish Priority Hire goals." 
124 
125   SECTION 2. Establish the Priority Hire Policy Directive as shown in Exhibit A. 
126 
127 
128        ADOPTED by the Port Commission of the Port of Seattle at a duly noticed meeting
129   thereof, held this _____ day of _________, 2017, and duly authenticated in open session by the
130   signatures of the Commisisoners voting in favor thereof and the seal of the Commission 
131 
132 
133                                  _______________________ 
134 _______________________ 
135 _______________________ 
136 _______________________ 
137 _______________________ 
138                                           Port Commission 








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139                                EXHIBIT A 
140   SECTION 1.1 Purpose 
141 
142   To provide good family wage jobs to qualified construction workers from Economically Distressed
143   Areas of King County by increasing access to Port of Seattle Covered Projects. This leads to
144   economic growth and job creation in areas of King County that are experiencing economic
145   distress. In addition, it will provide jobs to those historically underrepresented in the construction
146   industry, such as women and people of color. 
147 
148   To develop a Priority Hire program implemented through a Project Labor Agreement (PLA) and to
149   foster closer cooperation with the Regional Public Owners Group to ensure uniform application of
150   Priority Hire terms and Contractor and Union compliance with Priority Hire requirements.  This
151   supports the Port of Seattle's continued efforts on workforce development. 
152 
153   SECTION 1.2 Definitions 
154 
155   When used in this Policy Directive, the following words and phrases shall have the meanings
156   given below unless the context in which they are included clearly indicates otherwise: 
157 
158   "Apprentice" means a person who has signed a written apprenticeship agreement with and
159   enrolled in an active state-registered apprenticeship training program approved by the
160   Washington state Apprenticeship and Training Council. 
161 
162   "City" means City of Seattle. 
163 
164   "Construction labor costs" means the labor cost component of the estimated construction budget
165   for the project to be paid to contractors at the time of bid or, if absent a bid, at the time of the
166   contract award. 
167 
168   "Contractor" means any person, firm, partnership, owner operator, limited liability company,
169   corporation, joint venture, proprietorship, trust, association or other legal entity that employs
170   individuals to perform work on covered projects, including general contractors, subcontractors of
171   all tiers, and both union and non-union entities. 
172 
173   "Core Employee" means an employee of an open-shop contractor that meets the core employee
174   criteria established under a PLA. 
175 
176   "Covered Project" means a Port of Seattle construction project under a PLA with construction
177   labor costs at or above $5 million. 
178 

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179   "Dispatch" means the process by which a union refers workers for employment to contractors
180   under the authority of a collective bargaining agreement. The process typically mandates the
181   distribution of work via a "first in, first out" priority but can be legally adjusted via special
182   agreements to allow for out of order dispatching and priority worker hiring. 
183 
184   "Economically Distressed Area" means a geographic area defined by zip code in King County and
185   found to have high population concentrations: 1) Living at or below 200 percent of the federal
186   poverty level, 2) Unemployed, 3) Those over 25 years of age without a college degree, compared
187   to other zip codes. King County zip codes with a high density per acre of at least two out of the
188   three criteria will be identified as Economically Distressed Areas. These zip codes are updated and
189   published by King County's Finance and Business Operations Division. 
190 
191   "Jobs Coordinator" means either one of the following: a Port of Seattle employee, an employee
192   that is considered a shared resource between government agencies, or a third party entity that
193   facilitates the hiring of Priority Workers in collaboration with Contractors and Union Dispatch. 
194 
195   "Journey-level" means an individual who has sufficient skills and knowledge of an occupation,
196   either through a formal apprentice training program or through practical on-the-job work
197   experience, to be recognized by a state or federal registration agency and/or an industry as being
198   qualified to perform the work of the occupation. Practical experience must be equal to or greater
199   than the term of apprenticeship. 
200 
201   "Labor hours" means hours performed on covered projects by workers who are subject to
202   prevailing wages. 
203 
204   "Open-shop contractor" means a contractor that is not a signatory to a collective bargaining
205   agreement with a union representing the trade(s) of the contractor's workers, also known as non-
206   union contractors. 
207 
208   "Pre-apprentice" means a student enrolled in a construction pre-apprentice training program
209   recognized by the Washington State Apprenticeship and Training Council. 
210 
211   "Priority Hire Program" means a program on Port of Seattle major construction contracts that
212   focuses on recruitment, training and employment of workers who reside in Economically
213   Distressed Areas as defined by King County. 
214 
215   "Priority Worker(s)" means an individual prioritized for recruitment, training, and employment
216   opportunities because the individual is a resident in an Economically Distressed Area. 
217 

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218   "Project Labor Agreement" means an agreement authorized under the National Labor Relations
219   Act (NRLA), 29 U.S.C., which provides a means for aligning interests of public owners such as the
220   Port with those of construction labor unions. 
221 
222   "Regional Public Owners Group" means the group including the City of Seattle, King County,
223   Sound Transit, the City of Tacoma and the Washington state Department of Transportation,
224   focused on public agencies working together as regional partners to better understand the
225   workforce demand-supply gap for regional public infrastructure projects; to enhance access
226   opportunities and to increase the diversity of pre-apprentices, apprentices and journey-level
227   workers entering into the trades workforce; to support retention programs for current trades
228   workers, especially women and people of color; and to improve performance data and systems of
229   reporting for monitoring regional goals and initiatives. 
230 
231   "Union" means a representative labor organization whose members collectively bargain with
232   employers to set the wages and working conditions in their respective trade or covered scope of
233   work. 
234 
235   SECTION 1.3 Scope and Applicability 
236 
237        A. This Policy Directive pertains to Covered Project(s) for the remainder of this Policy
238   Directive. 
239 
240   SECTION 1.4 Responsibilities 
241 
242        A. The Executive Director (1) will assign a designee (referred to as "Designee" for the
243   remainder of the Policy Directive) and subsequent designated office to implement and administer
244   this Policy Directive, and (2) may, through the Designee, develop and adopt rules consistent with
245   the requirements of this Policy Directive. 
246 
247        B. The Designee, with the Executive Director's written concurrence, may reduce or waive
248   requirements or goals of this Policy Directive when impractical for a Covered Project for one or
249   more of the following reasons: when work is required due to an emergency, when work is subject
250   to limitations of a sole source, when requirements or goals would be inconsistent with an
251   agreement with a public agency, when requirements or goals are inconsistent with federal
252   funding or other funding sources, when the project is in a remote location, when superseded by
253   safety or other legal requirements, when other conditions arise such as the goals become
254   impractical, or absent an executed PLA. 
255 
256        C. The Designee shall enforce the requirements in this Policy Directive and may use
257   actions as deemed appropriate.

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258        D. In lieu of establishing a priority hire advisory committee to operate in an advisory role
259   to the Port of Seattle for implementation  and effectiveness of this Policy Directive, the
260   Designee shall participate in the previously established Regional Public Owners Group and may,
261   under a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with one or more other government entities
262   with Priority Hire programs, establish and participate in a regional priority hire advisory
263   committee. 
264 
265   SECTION 1.5 Policy 
266 
267        A. For Covered Projects that are not found impractical under Section 2.4 B, the Designee
268   shall establish in the bid documents the: (1) required percentage of labor hours to be performed
269   by Priority Workers, and (2) aspirational goal percentage of labor hours to be performed by
270   Priority Workers. Contractors and Dispatch under a PLA shall seek to first hire and dispatch
271   Priority Workers so as to meet or exceed the required and aspirational goal percentages. 
272 
273   The Designee shall establish the percentages separately for apprentices and for journey-level
274   workers. 
275 
276        B. For each Covered Project, the Designee shall establish the greatest practicable required
277   percentage of labor hours to be performed by Priority Workers by using past utilization
278   percentages on similar construction projects from the most recent project previous calendar
279   year, and shall establish the percentage for the following year based on past performance. The
280   Designee shall adjust these required percentages annually.
281 
282        C. In order to achieve the intended impact in Economically Distressed Areas, the Designee 
283   shall set project-specific requirements and an aspirational goal percentage of no less than 20
284   percent for all labor hours performed annually by Priority Workers on the total of Covered
285   Projects for the year. Annual percentage rates will be measured January 1  December 31 of each
286   applicable year. 
287 
288        D. In order to meet the percentage of labor hours to be performed by Priority Workers,
289   the Designee shall require Contractors and Dispatch under a PLA to seek to employ a Priority
290   Worker who is a resident of an Economically Distressed Area in King County, and then workers
291   from any other Economically Distressed Areas as needed to meet the percentage labor hours to
292   be performed by Priority Workers. The specific process by which Contractors, Dispatch and the
293   Port of Seattle Job Coordinator(s) will collaborate in order to facilitate the hiring of Priority
294   Workers shall be established by the Designee. 
295 
296 

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297        E. For Covered Projects, the Designee shall ensure the availability of a Jobs Coordinator(s) 
298   to perform the following functions: maintain a database of pre-qualified Priority Workers for
299   referral to work on a Covered Project; network with various work source centers, community,
300   non-profit and faith-based organizations to facilitate the identification of priority workers; and
301   facilitate referral and coordination around training and employment of Priority Workers between
302   Contractors, Unions and training programs. In addition, the Designee shall explore development
303   of a third party to manage regional Priority Hire efforts. 
304 
305        F. Per Resolution 3725, as amended, contracts $1 million in value or greater requires
306   Apprenticeship Utilization goals. The goal is no less than 15 percent of all contract labor hours
307   are to be performed by Apprentices. 
308 
309       i.   For individual projects, the Designee will determine the Apprenticeship Utilization
310           goal and may consider such factors as project size, project duration, labor hours
311           anticipated for the project, skills required, the likely crafts required for the project,
312           historic utilization rates and Apprentice availability. 
313 
314       ii.   The Designee shall establish aspirational percentage goals for Apprentices who are
315           women and people of color using similar factors. Contractors may be allowed to
316           offer utilization below the aspirational percentage goals by substituting other efforts
317           to meet the intent of building a trained construction workforce for a portion of the
318           utilization percentages for women and people of color. 
319 
320        G. When determining whether the percentage of priority hiring requirements has been
321   achieved, the Designee shall exclude from the calculation labor hours performed by residents of
322   states other than the state of Washington. The Designee shall track labor hours performed by
323   residents of states other than the state of Washington and shall review this percentage
324   annually with the previously established Regional Public Owners Group and any future regional
325   priority hire advisory committee that may be established under a MOU with one or more other
326   government entities with Priority Hire programs. 
327 
328        H.   Per Resolution 3725, as amended, the Designee shall support the inclusion of
329   Priority Hire provisions in the PLA standard language to be approved by the Commission
330   Projects and Procurement Committee. In furthering Resolution 3725, as amended, Port staff
331   will seek a MOU with regional partners to develop a framework to achieve operational
332   efficiencies through uniform Priority Hire requirements and by sharing priority hire resources
333   and data and advancing workforce development efforts. 
334 
335        I. The Port shall explore ways priority hire can be implemented on Port construction
336   projects outside a Covered Project, where applicable. 

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337   SECTION 1.6 Program Evaluation 
338 
339        A. The Designee shall establish benchmarks and metrics to evaluate the program, such as
340   project costs; completion times, workplace safety; utilization rates and graduation rates of
341   Priority Workers, women and people of color from pre-apprentice and apprentice training
342   programs; and changes in the percentage of dollars paid to Women and Minority Business
343   Enterprises (WMBE) contractors working on Covered Projects. 
344 
345        B. The Designee shall report findings to the Commission and Executive Director annually.
346   In order to facilitate the timely delivery of information for reporting to the Commission and to
347   better serve the public, it is in the interest of the Port of Seattle to prepare a single annual report
348   each year by April 30 titled Apprenticeship and Priority Hire Annual Report. 
349   The report shall include, but not be limited to the following: 
350 
351       i.   The number and kinds of construction projects and contracts on which Apprenticeship
352           and priority hire requirements were established; 
353       ii.   The percentage of labor hours actually worked by Apprentices and Priority Workers on
354           each such project and the total number of labor hours on each project; 
355       iii.   The number of Apprentices and Priority Workers by contractor broken down by trade
356           and craft category, the wages paid by category of work or trade, the number and
357           percentage of women and people of color utilized as Apprentices and Priority Workers
358           and the degree of compliance with the percentage requirements and aspirational
359           goals to be established under this Policy Directive; 
360       iv.   The number of Apprentices and Priority Workers per Port dollar spent on the
361           program; 
362       v.   A description of problems encountered in the implementation of the program; 
363       vi.   A description of barriers encountered by participating Apprentices and Priority
364           Workers and steps taken to resolve those problems and to ensure their continued
365           participation in the program; 
366 
367        C. The Commission, Executive Director, and Designee will review program results annually
368   to determine if the program should be expanded or amended by increasing or decreasing
369   requirements and aspirational goals. 
370 
371   SECTION 1.7 Fiscal Implications 
372 
373   This Policy Directive has fiscal implications as funding and staffing requirements will be needed
374   for the implementation of the Priority Hire program. 
375 

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376   A Full-Time Employee (FTE) for Priority Hire in Capital Development has been included in the
377   proposed 2018 Budget. 
378 
379   Attachment A: New Budget Request Form must be submitted on an annual basis  should
380   additional resources be required.
381 
382   SECTION 1.8 Research Findings 
383 
384   Based on studies commissioned by the City of Seattle and King County and their
385   implementation of priority hire programs, and numerous public discussions, the Port
386   Commission finds that it is in the Port's and the public's best interest to increase the supply of
387   qualified construction workers, particularly those historically underrepresented in the
388   construction industry, including those who live in Economically Distressed Areas in King County 
389   and also within that group, women and people of color. 
390 
391   Attachment B: Research findings of fact and declarations of intent 
392 
393   SECTION 2 
394 
395   This Policy Directive shall be labeled and codified as appropriate, together with subsequent Policy
396   Directives, and shall be made readily available for use by Port staff and members of the public as
397   a government document of the Port of Seattle. 









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398                              ATTACHMENT A 
399 
400 
401   2018 Budget Request Summary 
Dept:  Engineering 
Org:  1630 
402 
Amount # of One-Time Priority Amount
Item       Short Description       Requested FTE's (Y/N)  (H/M/L) Approved
1  CLG Priority Hire - 1630              $95,780 1.0   N     H





Total             $95,780 1.0              $ - 
403 
404 
405 







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406                    2018 Budget/Initiative Request Form 
Please double click data table for input
Summary Information
Division        Corporate                       Requesting Amount         $95,780
Department Name      Engineering                         Onetime         No
Requesting Manager       Tina Soike                      Priority (H/M/L)          H
Org       1630                        S ubc l as s      1630/1690
Request Title
Short Description
Non-FTE/Payroll Requests
Amount Requested                      Subclass Allocation
Account          2018       2019    2020 & Beyond              % S ubc l as s

Total           $0         $0          $0             0.0%
FTE Requests
Position Title                                        EOY Annual Salary
Start Date         4/1/2018                            % to Capital  50% to overhead class 1630
Bargaining Unit         NUN                           Salary/Wage         95780
Grade Level          25                          Number of FTEs          1.0
FTE Related Expenses        2018                                      Subclass Allocation
Salary/ Wages* (5XXXX)       $67,692                                 1630         50.0%
Benefits (5XXXX)       $28,088                                  1690         50.0%
Computer (61760)
Training (65600)
Membership (65700)
Telephone (66500)                                                Total         100.0%
Other                                  * Salary is based on mid-point of grade level.
Total $ 95,780 
407 
408 
409 







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410   Budget Request Justification Write-up 
411 
412      1)  Request Description/Background - Provide Full Description and or Background. 
413 
414 
415 
416 
417      2)  Justification - Why is this request needed? Include any regulations or other references
418        and benefits to the Port. 
419 
420 
421 
422 
423      3)  Alternatives - What would the impact be of not approving this request? How could it be
424        done differently? 
425 
426 
427 










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428   ATTACHMENT B 
429 
430   The Commission makes the following research findings of fact and declarations of intent: 
431 
432        A. In January 2015, following the positive results of a pilot program on the Elliott Bay
433   Seawall project, the City of Seattle adopted Ordinance No. 124690, an Ordinance relating to 
434   establishing a Priority Hire policy to ensure better access to training programs and well-paying
435   construction jobs for local workers, as well as to increase the diversity of the workforce on City
436   projects. 
437 
438        B. The City implemented the Priority Hire Ordinance through a Community Workforce
439   Agreement (CWA) between the City and the building trade labor unions, and that agreement
440   requires that prime contractors on City public works construction projects of $5 million or
441   more, must ensure that a certain percent of project labor hours are performed by workers
442   living in Economically Distressed Areas of Seattle and King County. 
443 
444        C. In May 2016, the King County Executive directed county agencies to implement a
445   priority hire pilot program that prioritized economically disadvantaged local workers for
446   inclusion on large King County capital construction projects. King County is considering a
447   permanent Priority Hire program implemented through a CWA; and 
448 
449        D. Based on studies commissioned by the City of Seattle and King County and their
450   implementation of Priority Hire programs, and numerous public discussions, the Port
451   Commission finds that it is in the Port's and the public's best interest to increase the supply of
452   qualified construction workers, particularly those historically underrepresented in the
453   construction industry, including women, racial minorities, and those who live in Economically
454   Distressed Areas of Seattle and King County. 
455 
456        E. King County completed a study in January 2016 documenting a widening gap between
457   the demand for construction labor and the supply of skilled trade workers in the regional labor
458   market for King County and other public entities. The gap reinforces the urgent need for
459   developing a strategy to address the current and projected workforce shortages. The study also
460   used economic data involving poverty levels, employment and educational attainment to
461   determine Economically Distressed Areas, which are identified by zip code. 
462 
463        F. King County completed The Construction Workforce Analysis in December 2016 and
464   found that the county may reasonably anticipate a reduced surplus of qualified labor and possible
465   labor shortages in certain construction trades by 2020. That is the result of a projected shortfall
466   forecast between demand and supply of four thousand six hundred thirty workers by 2020. The
467   county is concerned that these labor shortages will increase reliance on out-of-state construction

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468   workers and that the demand for new construction workers may increase construction costs on
469   the county's public works projects unless the county supports efforts to increase the supply of
470   trained apprentices and journey level workers for local public works projects. 
471 
472        The analysis also found that 81 percent of the construction workforce in King County in
473   2016 were white males, while 19 percent were people of color and women. Representation of
474   women and people of color is higher among new entrants to the labor force through
475   Apprenticeships and accredited certificates of completion, such as those received for completing
476   a Pre-Apprenticeship program. However, according to the analysis, women and people of color
477   also have lower rates of Apprenticeship completion than do their white male counterparts. 
478 
479        G. The City of Seattle commissioned the Construction Industry Labor Market
480   Assessment, which found that women, irrespective of race, are underrepresented in the
481   construction industry. Between 2009 and 2013, 10 percent fewer women finished their
482   apprentice training program than males. The assessment also found that between 2009 and
483   2013, 14 percent fewer racial minority apprentices finished their apprentice training program
484   than white apprentices. In addition, it also found that underrepresented workers face barriers
485   to completing apprentice training. Between 2009 and 2013, 65 percent of the racial minorities
486   exiting Apprenticeships did not complete the programs compared to 51 percent of the white
487   apprentices who failed to complete the program. During that same time period, 65 percent of
488   all women, irrespective of race, failed to complete their programs compared to 55 percent of all
489   men. 
490 
491        H. The City of Seattle has found that Priority Hire effectively and successfully increases
492   diversity on City construction projects. The share of labor hours between November 2013 and
493   April 2017 saw an increase of 233 percent in rate of hours performed by workers living in
494   Seattle's economically distressed zones. In addition, it saw an over 300 percent increase in rate of
495   hours performed by apprentice women and 200 percent increase in rate of hours performed by
496   African Americans. 
497 
498        I. A PLA with targeted priority hiring requirements is an effective tool to manage public
499   works projects that reduces the risk of project delays, reduces labor disruptions and labor
500   shortages, and improves job-site safety. In addition, it is also an effective tool to create local jobs,
501   enhance workforce diversity and improve overall working conditions. 




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