7c. Attachment
Item No. 7c_attach Meeting Date: February 28, 2017 Developing the Port of Seattle's Energy Portfolio Final Recommendations October 21, 2016 Table of Contents 1 Energy Committee Members 2 Project Objective & Approach 3 Energy & GHG Assessment & Load Growth Projections 4 Achieving the Century Agenda Goals 5 Summary of Energy Conservation & Renewable Energy Solutions 6 Findings & Recommendations 7 Detailed Descriptions of Conservation and Renewable Strategies 2 Energy Committee Members Name Title Department Andy Botts Electrical Engineer Aviation Facilities and Infrastructure Terrance Darby Sustainability Program Manager Maritime Environment and Planning Scott DeWees Environmental Specialist Aviation Environment and Planning Stephanie Meyn Climate Program Manager Aviation Environment and Planning Paul Meyer Manager, Environmental Maritime Environment and Planning Programs Lynn Oliphant Systems Engineer Aviation Facilities and Infrastructure Joseph Pelonio Manager, Lease and Utilities Portfolio Management (Corporate) Leslie Stanton Manager, Sustainability Aviation Environment and Planning Mike Tasker Sr. Manager, Facilities Aviation Facilities and Infrastructure Wendell Umetsu Manager, Electrical Systems Aviation Facilities and Infrastructure Prepared by Haley & Aldrich, Inc. 3 Project Approach Objective: Identify opportunities to achieve the Port of Seattle's Century Agenda energy load growth and GHG reduction goals. Task 1: Summarize Port- Task 2: Strategy Task 3: Develop Energy Wide Energy Use and Identification and Portfolio GHG Projections Exploration Recommendations 1. Sum Port-operated 1. Review energy 1. Estimate relative energy sources & strategies from peer costs and impacts uses organizations and 2. Prioritize by Level of 2. Estimate 20-year private sector Confidence load growth and 2. Brainstorm with Port 3. Estimate impacts on emission projections staff for additional Century Agenda opportunities goals 3. Screen list of 4. Develop final opportunities recommendations 4 Developing Port-Wide Energy Use and GHG Projections All electricity, natural gas, and liquid fuel bills paid by Port of Seattle were evaluated, All energy converted to MMBTU, Energy sub-metered and billed to tenants was not included in this evaluation, In many Port facilities, energy costs are recovered via flat fees, with no visibility into actual energy use, Future load growth was based on building model estimates completed for the Sustainable Airport Master Plan (SAMP). 5 Utility Bill Availability (does not include sub-metering) Included Included Airport Electricity Natural Gas Seaport Electricity Natural Gas Terminals/Cargo Terminal 91 Bus Maintenance Fisherman's Facility Shilshole Bay Fire Station Pier 66 Pumphouse Pier 69 N/A Distribution Center Marine Maintenance Airfield & Perimeter MIC N/A Lighting Terminal 102 Tenant Facilities (other than dining & N/A Terminals 5 retail) Generators Terminals 18, 102, & (Liquid Fuels) Parks Fleet Vehicles Fleet Vehicles (Liquid Fuels) (Liquid Fuels) 6 Port-Wide Annual Energy Usage 600,000 500,000 26% 400,000 MMBTU 300,000 7% Seaport 74% 200,000 Airport 93% 100,000 35% 0 65% Electricity Natural Gas Liquid Fuels Seaport Energy Use By Type Airport Energy Use By Type 2011-2015 2011-2015 800,000 800,000 700,000 700,000 600,000 600,000 500,000 500,000 MMBTU 400,000 MMBUT 400,000 300,000 300,000 200,000 200,000 100,000 100,000 0 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Electricity Natural Gas Liquid Fuels Airport Natural Gas Liquid Electricity Fuels 7 Source: Port of Seattle MMBTU Analysis Port-Wide Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions 20,000 18,000 4% 16,000 14,000 Metric Tons 12,000 10,000 Seaport 8,000 Airport 6,000 96% 4,000 15% 30% 2,000 85% 0 70% Electricity Natural Gas Liquid Fuels Seaport GHG Tons By Source 2011- Airport GHG Tons By Source 2015 2011-2015 25,000 25,000 20,000 20,000 Metric Tons 15,000 15,000 10,000 Metric Tons 10,000 5,000 5,000 0 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Electricity Natural Gas Liquid Fuels Airport Natural Gas Liquid Electricity Fuels 8 Source: Port of Seattle MMBTU Analysis Port has a Strong Legacy of Energy Conservation A Few Examples from Just the Last Three Years Stage 2 Mechanical (2012-2014) Energy Savings Estimate: 12,296 MMBTU/year Escalator Upgrades and Replacement (2013) Energy Savings Estimate: 1,568 MMBTU/year Scope of work was 44 Escalators across the entire airport Parking Garage LED & Emergency Lighting (2013 & 2015) Energy Savings Estimate Emerg Lighting: 5,361 MMBTU/year Energy Savings Estimate LED Lighting: 6,096 MMBTU/year 9 Port-wide Energy Forecast 1,400,000 Airport Projected Load Growth 1,200,000 Expansion Airport IAF Airport NorthStar 1,000,000 2011 Baseline 800,000 Liquid Fuels MMBTU 600,000 Natural Gas 400,000 200,000 Electricity 0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 10 Source: Sustainable Airport Master Plan, Sustainable Airport Mater Plan Calculator Port-wide GHG Emissions Forecast 40,000 Airport 35,000 Expansion Airport IAF Projected Emissions Airport 30,000 NorthStar 25,000 2011 Baseline 20,000 Tonnes CO2 Liquid Fuels 15,000 Century Agenda Goal 10,000 Natural Gas 5,000 Electricity 0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 11 Source: Sustainable Airport Master Plan, Sustainable Airport Mater Plan Calculator Task 2: Strategy Identification and Screening Step 3: Step 1: Step 2: Estimate Energy Identify Screen By Impact & Reduction and Potential Feasibility Generation Strategies Potential 12 Step 1: Identify Potential Strategies We identified a range of conservation and renewable strategies currently undertaken by: Port of Seattle Peer Port Organizations Port of Amsterdam / Schiphol International Port of Rotterdam Airport Port of San Francisco / San Francisco Port of Long Beach International Airport Port of Portland Port of San Diego Private Sector Entities Amazon Google Boeing Lockheed Martin Ikea Microsoft GE 13 Step 2: Screen By Impact & Feasibility Anticipated Contribution toward payback period load growth & GHG reduction goals Technical, physical, IMPACT commercial Energy use FEASIBILITY availability reduction potential Human factors & Renewable energy implementation generation potential difficulty 14 Step 2: Impact-Feasibility Results Renewable Natural High Impact: Gas Achieves/helps with load growth goal Metering & Data Significant energy use System Upgrades reduction Carbon Capture & Storage Significant renewable Advanced Lighting energy generation Technologies & potentials Controls Cogeneration Geothermal Power Purchase Building Retuning / Agreement / Offsite Set Point High Feasibility: Offset Project Mechanical Adjustments Tidal Power Financial: >5 year Upgrades payback Advanced Building Technical, physical, Envelope Systems commercial availability Fleet Efficiency/ Political: tenant Optimization reactions and human Solar factors Photovoltaics Emerging Generation Plug Load Technologies Fuel Cells Management Conservation Fleet Vehicle Electrification Solar Supplement Renewables Hot Box Controls for Electric Vehicles Waste Heat Chargers Recovery Small Scale On-site Anaerobic Selected Strategy Wind Digestion of Organic Waste 15 Energy Conservation Strategies: Initial Screening Strategy Impact? Feasible? Advanced Building Envelope Systems High High Advanced Lighting Technologies & Controls High High Fleet Optimization Low High Hot Box Controls Low High Idle Reduction Programs Low High 16 Energy Conservation Strategies: Initial Screening Strategy Impact? Feasible? Mechanical System Upgrades High High Metering & Data Acquisition System Upgrades High* High Plug Load Management Low High Building Retuning / Temperature Set Point Low High Adjustments *Metering does not reduce energy use but is a critical component of energy management that can directly lead to energy savings and aids in renewable energy deployment. 17 Renewable Energy Strategies: Initial Screening Strategy Impact? Feasible? Emerging Generation Technologies Unknown Unknown Solar Photovoltaics Low High Solar Supplement for Electric Vehicle Chargers Low Low Small Scale Wind Low High Vehicle Electrification Low High 18 Renewable Energy Strategies: Initial Screening Strategy Impact? Feasible? Renewable Natural Gas High High Power Purchase Agreement or Offsite Offset High High Project Waste Heat Recovery Low Med 19 Energy Strategies Removed from Further Consideration Strategy Impact? Feasible? On-site Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste Low Low Fuel Cells Low Low Carbon Capture & Storage High Low Cogeneration High Low Geothermal High Low Tidal Power High Low 20 Prioritizing Energy Strategies by Level of Confidence High Med Low Technical analysis Industry best Emerging complete practice technology Understand energy Proven technology Shows promise for reduction potential Understand potential application Understand return potential benefits in Port context on investment and costs at high Many unknowns level Further exploration Further exploration warranted warranted 21 Task 3: Recommended Energy Conservation Strategies Energy Use Relative Reduction Cost per Relative Conservation Potential MMBTU Cost per CO2 Confidence Measure Key Components (% Port Use) Reduction Reduction Metering & Comprehensive metering and Data System submetering of Port facilities Enabling N/A N/A Upgrades to SCADA (data acquisition) strategy Upgrades High system Mechanical Includes metering, chiller sequencing, building envelope, pump optimization, 2% Med Med Upgrades data center & other upgrades Advanced Emerging lighting technologies such Lighting as plasma lighting 5% Low Med Technologies & Lighting controls (automation) & Controls policy measures Plug Load Schedule-based timing controls to automate power supply to plug-load 1% Low Med Med Management equipment such as electronics Temperature setpoint adjustments & Building policy 2% Low Low Retuning Diagnosis and correction of building systems operations & controls Fleet Replacement of diesel and gasoline powered vehicles with electric 1% TBD TBD Optimization equivalents Advanced Building Daylighting Low Adaptive envelope systems such as 3% Med Med Envelope "electrochromic" (self-tinting) glass Systems 22 Task 3: Recommended Renewable Energy Strategies Energy Relative Relative Generation Cost per Cost per Renewable Energy Potential MMBTU CO2 Confidence Measure Description (% Port Use) Reduction Reduction Renewable Natural Gas Source RNG from landfills, wastewater 35% Med Med treatment, or agricultural sources (RNG) High Solar Install solar panels on existing terminal, garage, and cargo areas, and 1% Med High Photovoltaics future expansion facilities Power Purchase Purchase wind or solar energy directly Med Agreement or from third-party owned and operated TBD Med Med Offsite Offset renewable energy generation facility, Project on or off Port property Microhydroelectric generators that Emerging power from harvested rainwater flows Low Generation Kinetic tiles that generate power from TBD TBD TBD Technologies vibrations such as foot and vehicle traffic 23 Task 3: Impact of Strategies on Century Agenda Goal for Energy 1,400,000 Airport Expansion Projected Load Growth 1,200,000 Airport IAF Airport NorthStar Renewables 1,000,000 2011 Baseline 800,000 Conservation Liquid Fuels MMBTU 600,000 Natural Gas 400,000 200,000 Electricity 0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 24 Source: Sustainable Airport Master Plan, Sustainable Airport Mater Plan Calculator Task 3: Impact of Energy Strategies on Century Agenda Goal for GHG Emissions 40,000 Airport 35,000 Expansion Airport IAF Projected Emissions Airport 30,000 NorthStar Renewables 25,000 2005 Baseline 20,000 Tonnes CO2 Liquid Fuels 15,000 Conservation Century Agenda Goal 10,000 Natural Gas 5,000 Electricity 0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 25 Key Findings The Port's energy demand and GHG emissions have remained constant over the past 5 years. However, our forecast show if we do nothing, our energy will increase by 46% and GHGs by 59%, respectively, over the next 25 years due to airport expansion. The Committee finds that the Port will be able to meet the Century Agenda energy and GHG goals through a combination of efficiency and renewable fuel strategies, even in light of the projected growth in demand. According to our analysis, energy conservation strategies can meet about 25% of the projected increase in energy demand. The remaining 75% of our increased energy demand must be met with renewable fuels. Renewable Natural Gas is an essential component to our strategy, both in terms of energy load growth and GHG reductions, but is a high-risk strategy. Solar offers limited reductions to both energy and GHG projections, but may have other sustainability benefits. 26 Key Findings Cont'd Much of existing metering infrastructure is outdated and inconsistent. Low-cost conservation opportunities remain, but cannot achieve our goals alone. Payback thresholds for higher cost energy conservation investments are not aligned with long term goals. Our energy demand forecasts assume future facilities are built to highest green standards, including going beyond current energy efficiency standards. The Committee opted not to include Port electricity used for electric GSE and PC air, because increased load growth is minimal when compared to resulting GHG reductions (see following slide). Tenant energy use is significant, but metering infrastructure is inconsistent and in some cases entirely lacking. 27 Case In Point: Airport Gate Electrification Every gate at the Airport is equipped with remote ground power connections and preconditioned air supplied from a central plant Aircraft parked at gates use power and conditioned air provided by the Airport instead of their Auxiliary Power Units, which run on jet-fuel While Port-owned emissions increase slightly, the resulting overall emission reductions are significant 0.7% Increased Port Energy Decreased Tenant Jet Fuel Use Use Equivalent of 70% decrease in Port- 0.7% GHG increase owned GHG emissions 324 tonnes CO2 14,000 tonnes CO2 70% 28 Final Recommendations Pursue RNG opportunities as a critical element of our energy and GHG strategy, with second phase to coincide with Airport expansion Align payback thresholds for energy investments (both O&M and capital) with the planning horizons for the Century Agenda and Airport Master Plan, and ensure life cycle costs and nonfinancial benefits are considered Ensure future facilities are built to highest green standard; building to a lower standard will increase our load growth Continued focus on conservation, such as through the Stage 3 Mechanical Conservation Project, will reduce our reliance on hydroelectricity and will free up clean energy capacity for other uses Enhanced metering will assist in prioritization of energy conservation opportunities for both Port and tenants Establish a strategy for emerging technologies to better evaluate viability for Port adoption 29 Appendix: Background Data for Energy Strategies Conservation Measure Metering & Data Acquisition System Upgrades Comprehensive metering and submetering of Port facilities to enable measurement & Key Components verification of energy conservation strategies Upgrades to SCADA (data acquisition) system Energy Use Reduction Does not lead to direct energy savings, but is necessary to enable participation in a wide range of industry best practices such as load curtailment, demand response, and Potential (MMBTU and % of measurement and verification of conservation programs. total Port Energy Use) Will assist in prioritization of energy conservation opportunities for both Port and tenants. Current state and needs relative to metering and submetering are documented in the Port-Specific Sustainable Airport Master Plan (Section 6.12), the Cardno Report (Section 5), and Phase 3 University Mechanical Energy Conservation presentation. Supporting Analysis Each of these documents presents recommendations for enhanced metering and submetering. Scale of implementation required to achieve desired technical consistency may be Feasibility Constraints prohibitive Enhanced metering capabilities will allow the Port to recover its fair share for utility costs incurred by tenants, which are currently underrepresented through existing metering infrastructure. Recommendations This opportunity cost should be factored in payback analysis for this measure. Explore partnership opportunities with BPA and SCL to support advanced metering technologies 30 Appendix: Background Data for Energy Strategies Conservation Measure Mechanical Upgrades Includes metering, chiller sequencing, building envelope upgrades, pump optimization, Key Components data center & other upgrades Energy Use Reduction 20,449 MMBTU reduction in Port energy Potential (MMBTU and % of 2% reduction in Port energy use use total Port Energy Use) Energy Use Reduction Internal Airport reports indicate electricity can be reduced by 2,017 MMBTU and natural Potential - Assumptions gas can be reduced by 18,432 MMBTU $4.95M (see Option 2 of Stage 3 Mechanical Energy Conservation Presentation) $242 / MMBTU, $4,994 / metric ton of CO2 Cost Information Port is eligible for rebates and incentives by BPA and SCL to offset cost of lighting upgrades and other energy efficiency projects Port-Specific Mechanical Energy Conservation Stage 1-3 Reports Supporting Analysis Simple payback terms do not appear to be competitive on basis of energy efficiency alone, Feasibility Constraints but some mechanical equipment past useful life Pursue Stage 3 Mechanical Energy Conservation project Recommendations Continue to identify equipment replacement opportunities 31 Appendix: Background Data for Energy Strategies Conservation Measure Advanced Lighting Technologies & Controls Emerging lighting technologies such as plasma lighting Key Components Lighting controls (automation) & policy measures Energy Use Reduction 45,368 MMBTU reduction in Port energy Potential (MMBTU and % of 4% reduction in Port energy use use total Port Energy Use) Energy Use Reduction Facilities team estimates this initiative can reduce the lighting load by 20% at the Airport and 10% at the Seaport Potential - Assumptions Lighting load was assumed to be 50% of total 2014 electricity Port is eligible for rebates and incentives by BPA and SCL to offset cost of lighting Cost Information upgrades and other energy efficiency projects Case Study Examples & Best Berkeley National Lab Meta-Analysis of Energy Savings From Lighting Controls in Commercial Buildings Practice Data California Energy Commission, Achieving Energy Efficient Lighting in California, 2015 Technologies continue to evolve Feasibility Constraints Many of Port's operations are 24/7, and many spaces are tenant controlled or directly impact tenants Institute lighting controls and policy measures in administrative areas Explore opportunities for lighting controls in public spaces during off-peak periods Recommendations Identify funding to continue LED retrofits and lighting control projects Continue to track developments in emerging technologies such as plasma lighting 32 Appendix: Background Data for Energy Strategies Conservation Measure Plug Load Management Schedule-based timing controls to automate power supply to plug-load equipment such Key Components as electronics Energy Use Reduction 1,762 MMBTU reduction in Port energy 1% reduction in Port energy use Potential (MMBTU and % of use total Port Energy Use) Energy Use Reduction Facilities team estimates this initiative can reduce the plug load by 5% at the Airport Potential - Assumptions The plug load was assumed to be 8% of total electricity Cost Information Most plug load strategies are no or low cost GSA Public Building Service: Plug Load Control Case Study Examples & Best National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Assessing and Reducing Plug and Process Loads Practice Data in Office Buildings New Buildings Institute: Plug Load Best Practices Guide Many of Port's operations are 24/7, and many spaces are tenant controlled or directly impact tenants Feasibility Constraints Growth planned to provide increased access to electronics charging for Airport passengers Institute plug management program in administrative areas Recommendations Explore opportunities for plug load management in public spaces during off-peak periods 33 Appendix: Background Data for Energy Strategies Conservation Measure Building Retuning Temperature setpoint adjustments & policy Key Components Diagnosis and correction of operational problems with building systems and their controls Energy Use Reduction 18,901 MMBTU reduction in Port energy Potential (MMBTU and % of 2% reduction in Port energy use use total Port Energy Use) Energy Use Reduction Facilities team estimates this initiative can reduce electrical HVAC use by 5%, and natural gas HVAC use by 15% Potential - Assumptions HVAC load is assumed to be 21% of total electricity and 23% of total natural gas Airport has budgeted $100,000 per year for this type of work which equates to: $5 / MMBTU, $136 / metric ton of CO2 Cost Information Some building retuning measures may be eligible for rebates and incentives from BPA and SCL Case Study Examples & Best US Department of Energy: Energy Savings Modeling of Standard Commercial Building Practice Data Retuning Measures: Large Office Buildings Policy measure is needed in order to ensure sustainability/acceptance of temperature Feasibility Constraints setpoint changes Pursue temperature setpoint adjustments as soon as practicable Recommendations Continue pursuit of retro-commissioning measures 34 Appendix: Background Data for Energy Strategies Conservation Measure Fleet Optimization & Electrification Key Components Replacement of diesel and gasoline powered vehicles with electric equivalents Energy Use Reduction Potential (MMBTU and % of 4,735 MMBTU Potential Reduction 1% of total Port Energy Use total Port Energy Use) Energy Use Reduction Discussions have indicated that a 15% reduction in MMBTU use from diesel and gasoline Potential - Assumptions powered vehicles is possible with fuel efficiency and additional electric vehicles Cost Information TBD Case Study Examples & Best Practice Data Feasibility Constraints Operational considerations of specific vehicle types may be a concern for some staff Recommendations Continue to pursue fleet optimization activities Port-wide 35 Appendix: Background Data for Energy Strategies Conservation Measure Advanced Building Envelope Systems Daylighting Key Components Adaptive envelope systems such as "electrochromic" (self-tinting) glass Energy Use Reduction 27,521 MMBTU reduction in Port energy Potential (MMBTU and % of 2% reduction in Port energy use use total Port Energy Use) Energy Use Reduction Facilities team estimates this initiative can reduce total electric load by 5% Potential - Assumptions Cost Information Case Study Examples & Best Practice Data Feasibility Constraints Glint and glare considerations may be important for particular solar glass technolgies As new facilities come online, evaluate potential for incorporation of electrochromic glass Recommendations and other advanced envelope technologies Ensure energy payback evaluations are taken into account 36 Appendix: Background Data for Energy Strategies Renewable Measure Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Key Components Source RNG from landfills, wastewater treatment, or agricultural sources Energy Generation Potential (MMBTU and % of total Port 350,000 MMBTU Potential Reduction 30% of total Port Energy Use Energy Use) Energy Use Reduction Based on most recent discussions, local biogas production facility indicates they can Potential - Assumptions steadily supply 350,000 MMBTU of renewable natural gas to the Airport Port-Specific Airport has conducted multiple in-house explorations of RNG deals Supporting Analysis 2 landfill operators have provided potential costs $7.50-$14/MMBTU Cost Data $100-$200/tonne CO2 Feasibility Constraints Pipeline and infrastructure costs are potentially prohibitive Pursue RNG opportunities as a critical element of our energy & GHG strategy, with second Recommendations phase to coincide with Airport expansion 37 Appendix: Background Data for Energy Strategies Renewable Measure Solar Photovoltaics Install solar panels on existing terminal, garage, and cargo areas, and future expansion Key Components facilities, either through power purchase agreement or Port-owned project Energy Generation Potential (MMBTU and % of total Port 1,922 MMBTU Potential Reduction 1% of total Port Energy Use Energy Use) Energy Use Reduction Solar PV panels at the Airport's T2 expansion and at the Seaport are assumed to generate Potential - Assumptions 1,917 MMBTU and 5 MMBTU respectively Cost Data $1,000 / MMBTU, $144,000 / tonne CO2 SAMP Task 6.12 includes an evaluation of the solar generation potential using a Port-Specific RETScreen V4 simulation for existing and proposed expansion roof areas. The simulation used modern PV panels in Seattle, based on the optimal installation angle. The analysis Supporting Analysis assumes a roof available area of 65% for terminals and 90% available for the garage (assuming solar canopies). Case Study Examples, Best Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 108: Guidebook for Energy Facilities Compatibility with Airports and Airspace Practice Data, and Other Port of San Francisco, Unified Port of San Diego, San Diego International Airport, Port of Resources Amsterdam, Schiphol International Airport The amount of power generated by installing PV on both existing and future facilities Feasibility Constraints would only power a fraction of the Port's electrical requirements See FAA Technical Guidance for Evaluating Selected Solar Technologies on Airports Pursue smaller-scale PV installations on existing and new facilities as opportunities Recommendations emerge 38 Appendix: Background Data for Energy Strategies Renewable Measure Power Purchase Agreement or Offsite Offset Project Purchase wind or solar energy directly from third-party owned and operated renewable Key Components energy generation facility, on or off Port property Energy Generation Potential (MMBTU and % of total Port Scalable as needed Energy Use) Energy Use Reduction Assumes Eastern Washington site Potential - Assumptions $144,000 / metric ton of CO2 Cost Data $45M wind farm = 1,248 tonnes CO2 Port-Specific Airport has conducted in-house evaluation of offset projects Supporting Analysis Case Study Examples, Best Google's Green PPAs Practice Data, and Other Multiple airport projects, including Denver International Airport, Indianapolis Resources International Airport, Port of Portland Feasibility Constraints Consider reviewing revenue diversion issues Recommendations RECs can easily offset any shortfalls in goal achievement 39 Appendix: Background Data for Energy Strategies Renewable Measure Onsite Micro-Hydroelectric Power Emerging technology that produces power from harvested rainwater flows Key Components Potential for smaller scale, passenger-facing, public-private demonstration program Energy Generation Potential (MMBTU and % of total Port TBD Energy Use) Energy Use Reduction TBD Potential - Assumptions Port-Specific N/A Supporting Analysis Case Study Examples, Best Practice Data, and Other N/A Resources Feasibility Constraints TBD Recommendations Continue to track development of this technology for potential application 40 Appendix: Background Data for Energy Strategies Renewable Measure Kinetic Generators Emerging technology that produces power from vibrations such as foot and vehicle traffic Key Components Potential for smaller scale, passenger-facing, public-private demonstration program Energy Generation Potential (MMBTU and % of total Port TBD Energy Use) Energy Use Reduction TBD Potential - Assumptions Port-Specific N/A Supporting Analysis Case Study Examples, Best Practice Data, and Other N/A Resources Feasibility Constraints TBD Recommendations Continue to track development of this technology for potential application 41
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