RESOLUTION NO. 3736
\DOOVOLn-DLUNil              AResolution           of the  Port of Seattle Commission  establishing  a
Priority  Hire  Policy  Directive;  and  amending the
Policy    Directive    related    to    practices   for
construction  labor for  projects  located  on  Port
property adopted by Resolution No. 3725.

WHEREAS, the construction industry is forecasted to experience consistent growth in
the King County region over the next decade; and
WWWWWWWWWNNNNNNNNNNI'l'l'l'l'l'l'i'l'H mNmU'l-hUJNI-'OLDMNOWU'l-bWNi-'OKDWNO'UW-hLUNi'O              WHEREAS,   numerous  studies  show  a  widening  gap   between  the  demand  for
construction labor and the supply of skilled trade workers in the regional labor market for King
County public agencies. The Regional Public Owners Group estimate there will be over sixty-
seven billion dollars in public construction projects by 2042 with over seventy million labor hours
needed to fulfill this demand for projects. It is projected that between 2018 and 2023 there will
be a shortage of over 4100 skilled workers. Regional labor supply is forecasted to underserve
demand by an average of 9 to 10 percent during 2018-2042; and

WHEREAS, the Port of Seattle makes among the largest investments in infrastructure
projects in the region. In 2017, the Port of Seattle is projected to spend approximately $180
million on construction projects and estimates continual growth in future years. The Port's
capital investment dollars create the equivalent work hours of 10.89 jobs per one million dollars
spent, providing enough total hours to equal approximately 950 full time jobs in Washington
State in 2016; and

WHEREAS, most recent data for 2016 indicates that over 80 percent of the construction
workforce in King County are Caucasian males, while 19 percent are women and people of
color. Representation of women and people of color is higher among new entrants to the labor
force through apprenticeships and accredited certificates of completion, such as those received
for completing a pre-apprenticeship program. However, according to the analysis, women and
people of color also have lower rates of apprenticeship completion than do their Caucasian male
counterparts; and

WHEREAS, the Port of Seattle is committed to ensuring equity in the construction projects
workforce where disparities exist between underrepresented workers' availability to work and
their opportunity to be hired and establish a career in the construction trades; and



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39           WHEREAS, the Port of Seattle is committed to its values of conducting business with the
40    highest ethical standards. Our business practices shall reflect integrity, accountability, honesty,
41    fairness and respect at all levels; and

42

43           WHEREAS, the Port of Seattle is a leader in workforce development and has found

44    construction job training programs, including Career Connected Learning,  apprenticeship and

45    pre-apprenticeship programs, to be an effective way to prepare individuals for entry into
46    construction jobs, and to ensure women,  people of color, and otherwise disadvantaged
47    individuals, can  acquire the  necessary job  skills  and  be prepared to successfully pursue

48    construction careers; and

49

50           WHEREAS, the Port of Seattle was the first to adopt apprenticeship utilization goals over

51    three decades ago and is committed to achieving its apprenticeship hiring goals set in Port
52    policy and addressing the disproportionately low involvement by people of color and women in
53    the construction labor force. Apprentice utilization goals for Port construction projects is 15
54    percent, of which includes a goal of 10 percent women and 15 percent people of color. In 2016,

55    apprenticeship utilization rates were 17 percent, of which 18 percent were women and 28

56    percent were people of color; and

57

58           WHEREAS, on October 25, 2016, the Port of Seattle adopted Resolution No. 3725 that

59    established the Port of Seattle Construction Labor Policy Directive that states that the Port shall

60    establish appropriate apprentice and locality hiring goals and appropriate aspirational women

61    and minority apprentice hiring goals; and

62

63            WHEREAS, the Port of Seattle supports the City of Seattle and King County findings that

64    King County has geographic areas of economic distress as evidenced by poverty indicators;

65    including poverty levels, concentrated unemployment, and gaps in educational attainment. The

66    Port of Seattle seeks to act effectively and expeditiously to encourage solutions toward economic

67    growth and job creation in areas of the County that are economically distressed as evidenced by

68    comparatively high levels of poverty, unemployment rates and education attainment; and

69

70          WHEREAS, Priority Hire enhances community partnerships focused on inclusion and

71    access to opportunities and services; expands opportunities for disadvantaged populations to

72    advance equity and social justice; and ensures that Port construction projects are planned and
73    implemented in a way that improves equity in local communities; and
74
75           WHEREAS, the Port believes that establishing a Priority Hire policy ensures better access
76    to training programs and well-paying construction jobs for local workers, particularly those

77    from Economically Distressed Areas, as well as increases the diversity of the workforce on Port
78    construction projects; and
79
80          WHEREAS, in 2017, the Port of Seattle convened community stakeholder meetings and
81    received input from contractors, labor union representatives, community advocates, small
82    contracting and supplier businesses, training providers, City of Seattle and King County policy


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83    experts about the challenges and opportunities of a Priority Hire program. The Port of Seattle
84    intends to use the information received from these meetings as a guide for implementing the
85    Priority Hire program and developing a regional agreement for use on public works projects;
86    and
87
88           WHEREAS, Priority Hire focuses on workforce participation by apprentice and journey-
89    level  construction  workers  and  is  therefore  directly  connected  to  the  Port's  existing
90    apprenticeship program; and
91
92           WHEREAS, the Port is committed to fostering an acceptable worksite on public works
93    projects that is inclusive and focuses on anti-discrimination and anti-harassment behaviors and
94    procedures and encourages positive relationships between employers and employees, and
95    among employees; and
96
97           WHEREAS, over the last two years, the Port of Seattle has participated as  member of

98    the Regional Public Owners Group with the City of Seattle, King County, Sound Transit, the City

99    of Tacoma and the Washington State Department of Transportation, focused on public agencies

100    working together as regional partners; and

101

102           WHEREAS, the purpose of the Regional Public Owners Group is to better understand

103    and narrow the workforce demand-supply gap for regional public infrastructure projects;

104    enhance access opportunities and increase the diversity of pre-apprentices, apprentices and

105   journey-level workers entering into the trades workforce; support retention programs for

106    current trades workers, especially women and people of color; and improve performance data

107    and systems of reporting for monitoring regional goals and initiatives;

108

109           NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Port Commission of the Port of Seattle as

110    follows:

111

112    SECTION 1.  Section  1 of Resolution  No. 3725, the policy directive related to practices for
113    construction labor for projects located on Port property, is hereby amended as follows:
114
115         In Section |(D)(1) of the policy directive, strike "and locality" and insert a new subsection
116    (E) as follows: For contracts under a PLA with projected construction labor costs at or above $5
117    million, the Port shall establish Priority Hire goals.

118
119         And in Section ll(C)(2), strike "locality hiring and" and insert a new subsection (D) as
120    follows:  For contracts under a  PLA with  projected  construction  labor costs at or above
121    $5 million, the Port shall establish Priority Hire goals.
122
123         And in Section |||(B)(2)(b), strike "locality hiring and" and insert a new sub-subsection (3)
124    as follows: For contracts under a PLA with projected construction labor costs at or above
125    $5 million, the Port shall establish Priority Hire goals.
126


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127    SECTION 2.  A Priority Hire Policy Directive is hereby established as shown in Exhibit A, attached.
128
129    SECTION 3.  The Policy Directive contained in Exhibit A and attached to this resolution shall be
130    labeled and catalogued as appropriate, together with other Commission Policy Directives, and
131    shall be made readily available for use by Port staff and members of the public as a governance
132    document of the Port of Seattle.
133
134   ADOPTED by the Port Commission of the Port of Seattle at a duly noticed meeting thereof, held
135   this QK  dayMW 2017, and duly authenticated in open session by the signatures of
136   the Commissioners voting in favor thereof and the seal of the Commission.
137
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149                                            EXHIBIT A
150    SECTION 1. Purpose.
151
152    The purpose of this Policy Directive is to provide good family wage jobs to qualified construction
153    workers from Economically Distressed Areas of King County by increasing access to Port of Seattle
154    Covered Projects. This leads to economic growth and job creation in areas of King County that are
155    experiencing  economic  distress.  In  addition,  it  will  provide  jobs  to  those  historically
156    underrepresented in the construction industry, such as women and people of color.
157
158    To develop a Priority Hire program implemented through a Project Labor Agreement (PLA) and to
159    foster closer cooperation with the Regional Public Owners Group to ensure uniform application of
160    Priority Hire terms and Contractor and Union compliance with Priority Hire requirements.  This
161    supports the Port of Seattle's continued efforts on workforce development.
162
163    SECTION 2. Denitions.
164

165    When used in this Policy Directive, the following words and phrases shall have the meanings

166    given below unless the context in which they are included clearly indicates otherwise:

167

168    "Apprentice" means a person who has signed a written apprenticeship agreement with and

169    enrolled  in  an  active  state-registered  apprenticeship  training  program  approved  by  the

170    Washington State Apprenticeship and Training Council.

171

172    "City" means City of Seattle.

173

174    "Construction labor costs" means the labor cost component of the estimated construction budget

175    for the project to be paid to contractors at the time of bid or, if absent a bid, at the time of the

176    contract award.

177

178    "Contractor" means any person, firm, partnership, owner operator, limited liability company,
179    corporation, joint venture, proprietorship, trust, association or other legal entity that employs
180    individuals to perform work on covered projects, including general contractors, subcontractors of
181    all tiers, and both union and non-union entities.
182
183    "Core Employee" means an employee of an open-shop contractor that meets the core employee
184    criteria established under a PLA.
185
186    "Covered Project" means a Port of Seattle construction project under a PLA with construction
187    labor costs at or above $5 million.
188
189    "Dispatch" means the process by which a union refers workers for employment to contractors
190    under the authority of a collective bargaining agreement. The process typically mandates the
191    distribution of work via a "first in, first out" priority but can be legally adjusted via special
192    agreements to allow for out of order dispatching and Priority Worker hiring.


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193    "Economically Distressed Area" means a geographic area defined by zip code in King County and
194   found to have high population concentrations: 1) Living at or below 200 percent of the federal
195    poverty level, 2) Unemployed, 3) Those over 25 years of age without a college degree, compared
196   to other zip codes. King County zip codes with a high density per acre of at least two out of the
197    three criteria will be identified as Economically Distressed Areas. These zip codes are updated and
198    published by King County's Finance and Business Operations Division.
199
200    "Jobs Coordinator" means either one of the following: a Port of Seattle employee, an employee
201   that is considered a shared resource between government agencies, or a third party entity that
202    facilitates the hiring of Priority Workers in collaboration with Contractors and Union Dispatch.
203
204    "Journey-level" means an individual who has sufficient skills and knowledge of an occupation,
205    either through a formal apprentice training program or through practical on-the-job work
206    experience, to be recognized by a state or federal registration agency and/or an industry as being
207    qualified to perform the work of the occupation. Practical experience must be equal to or greater
208   than the term of apprenticeship.

209

210    "Labor hours" means hours performed on covered projects by workers who are subject to

211    prevailing wages.

212

213    "Openshop contractor" means a contractor that is not a signatory to a collective bargaining

214   agreement with a union representing the trade(s) of the contractor's workers, also known as non

215    union contractors.

216

217    "Pre-apprentice" means a student enrolled in a construction pre-apprentice training program

218    recognized by the Washington State Apprenticeship and Training Council.

219

220   "Priority Hire Program" means a program on Port of Seattle major construction contracts that

221    focuses on  recruitment, training and employment of workers who reside in  Economically
222    Distressed Areas as defined by King County.
223
224   "Priority Worker(s)" means an individual prioritized for recruitment, training, and employment
225    opportunities because the individual is a resident in an Economically Distressed Area.
226
227    "Project Labor Agreement" means an agreement authorized under the National Labor Relations
228   Act (NRLA), 29 U.S.C., which provides a means for aligning interests of public owners such as the
229    Port with those of construction labor unions.
230
231    "Regional Public Owners Group" means the group including the City of Seattle, King County, Port
232    of Seattle, Sound Transit, the  City of Tacoma  and the Washington State  Department of
233    Transportation, focused on public agencies working together as regional partners to better
234   understand the workforce demand-supply gap for regional public infrastructure projects; to
235    enhance access opportunities and to increase the diversity of pre-apprentices, apprentices and
236   journey-level workers entering into the trades workforce; to support retention programs for


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237    current trades workers, especially women and people of color; and to improve performance data
238    and systems of reporting for monitoring regional goals and initiatives.
239
240    "Union" means a representative labor organization whose members collectively bargain with
241    employers to set the wages and working conditions in their respective trade or covered scope of

242    work.

243

244   SECTION 3. Scope and Applicability.
245
246          A. This Policy Directive pertains to Covered Project(s) for the remainder of this Policy
247    Directive.
248
249    SECTION 4. Responsibilities.
250
251          A. The Executive Director (1) will assign a designee (referred to as "Designee" for the
252    remainder of the Policy Directive) and subsequent designated ofce to implement and administer
253    this Policy Directive, and (2) may, through the Designee, develop and adopt rules consistent with

254   the requirements of this Policy Directive.

255

256          B. The Designee, with the Executive Director's written concurrence and upon notice to the

257    Commission, may reduce or waive requirements or goals of this Policy Directive when impractical

258    for a Covered Project for one or more of the following reasons: when required due to an

259    emergency, when subject to limitations of a sole source, when requirements or goals would be

260   inconsistent with  an  agreement with  a  public  agency, when  requirements  or goals  are

261    inconsistent with federal funding or other funding sources, when the project is in a remote

262    location, when superseded by safety or other legal requirements, when other conditions arise

263    such as the goals become impractical, or absent an executed PLA.

264

265          C. The Designee shall be responsible for identifying, monitoring, and mitigating risks
266    within his/her authority; and propose mitigation actions to the Executive Director if additional
267    authority is required. The Designee shall enforce the requirements in this Policy Directive and
268    may use actions as deemed appropriate.
269
270          D. As part of establishing a Priority Hire advisory committee to operate in an advisory
271    role to the Port of Seattle for implementation and effectiveness of this Policy Directive, the
272    Designee shall participate in the previously established Regional Public Owners Group and may,
273    under an agreement with one or more other government entities with Priority Hire programs,
274   establish and participate in a regional Priority Hire advisory committee.
275
276   SECTION 5. Policy.
277
278          A. For Covered Projects that are not found impractical under Section 2.4 B, the Designee
279    shall establish in the bid or other solicitation documents the: (1) required percentage of labor
280    hours to be performed by Priority Workers, and (2) aspirational goal percentage of labor hours to


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281    be performed by Priority Workers. Contractors and Dispatch under a PLA shall seek to first hire
282    and dispatch Priority Workers so as to meet or exceed the required and aspirational goal
283    percentages.
284
285    The Designee shall establish the percentages separately for apprentices and for journey-level
286    workers.

287

288           B. For each Covered Project, the Designee shall establish the greatest practicable required
289    percentage of labor hours to be performed by Priority Workers by considering anticipated
290   workforce availability and past utilization percentages on similar construction projects from the

291    most recent project previous calendar year, and shall establish the percentage for the upcoming

292    year. This shall be included in the PLA and other Port agreements as appropriate and progress

293    monitored by the Designee. The Designee shall adjust these required percentages annually, based

294    on performance and reasonably anticipated changes in worker availability.

295

296          C. in order to achieve the intended impact in Economically Distressed Areas, the Designee

297    shall set project-specific requirements and an aspirational goal percentage of no less than 20

298    percent for all labor hours performed annually by Priority Workers on the total of Covered

299    Projects for the year. Annual percentage rates will be measured January 1  December 31 of each

300    applicable year.

301

302           D. In order to meet the percentage of labor hours to be performed by Priority Workers,

303    the Designee shall require Contractors and Dispatch under a PLA to seek to employ a Priority

304   Worker who is a resident of an Economically Distressed Area in King County, and then workers

305    from any other Economically Distressed Areas as needed to meet the percentage labor hours to

306    be performed by Priority Workers. The specific process by which Contractors, Dispatch, and the

307    Port of Seattle Job Coordinator(s) will collaborate in order to facilitate the hiring of Priority
308    Workers shall be established by the Designee.
309
310           E. For Covered Projects, the Designee shall ensure the availability of a Jobs Coordinator(s)
311    to perform the following functions: maintain a database of pre-qualified Priority Workers for
312    referral to work on a Covered Project; network with various work source centers, community,
313    non-profit and faith-based organizations to facilitate the identification of Priority Workers; and
314   facilitate referral and coordination around training and employment of Priority Workers between

315    Contractors, Unions, and training programs. In addition, the Designee shall explore development
316    of a third party to manage regional Priority Hire efforts.
317
318          F. Per Resolution 3725, as amended, contracts $1 million in value or greater requires
319    apprenticeship utilization goals. The goal is no less than 15 percent of all contract labor hours
320    are to be performed by apprentices.
321
322           (1) For individual projects, the Designee will determine the apprenticeship utilization
323              goal and may consider such factors as project size, project duration, labor hours


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324              anticipated for the project, skills required, the likely crafts required for the project,
325              historic utilization rates and apprentice availability.
326
327          (2) The Designee shall establish aspirational percentage goals for apprentices who are
328              women and people of color using similar factors. Contractors may be allowed to
329              offer utilization below the aspirational percentage goals by substituting other efforts
330              to meet the intent of building a trained construction workforce for a portion of the
331              utilization percentages for women and people of color.
332
333          G. When determining whether the percentage of Priority Hire requirements has been
334   achieved, the Designee shall exclude from the calculation labor hours performed by residents of
335    states other than the state of Washington. The Designee shall track labor hours performed by

336    residents of states other than the state of Washington and shall review this percentage
337    annually with the previously established Regional Public Owners Group and any future regional
338    Priority Hire advisory committee that may be established under an agreement with one or
339    more other government entities with Priority Hire programs.

340

341          H. Per Resolution 3725, as amended, the Designee shall support the inclusion of Priority

342    Hire provisions in the PLA standard language to be approved by the Commission Projects and

343    Procurement Committee. In furthering Resolution 3725, as amended, Port staff will seek an

344   agreement with regional partners to develop a framework to achieve operational efficiencies

345    through uniform Priority Hire requirements and by sharing Priority Hire resources and data and

346   advancing workforce development efforts.

347          I. The Port shall review and  recommend how the intent of Priority Hire can  be

348    implemented throughout the  Port beyond the Covered  Projects, including future leases,

349    concession agreements, and procurement contracts by September 1, 2018.

350

351    SECTION 6. Program Evaluation.

352
353          A. The Designee shall establish benchmarks and metrics to evaluate the program, such as
354   project costs; completion times, workplace safety; utilization rates and graduation rates of
355    Priority Workers, women and people of color from pre-apprentice and apprentice training
356    programs; and changes in the amount of contracting dollars paid to Small Business and Women
357    and Minority Business Enterprises (WMBE) firms working on Covered Projects and the number of
358   Small Business and WMBE firms under contract.
359
360          B. Port efforts in pursuit of the objectives of this Policy Directive will be incorporated into
361    the Port's Long Range Plan (LRP) to the fullest extent reasonable, including incorporation into the
362    LRP scorecards, reports, and LRP updates. Further, the Designee shall prepare and publish an
363    annual report each year titled Apprenticeship and Priority Hire Annual Report.
364
365    The report shall include, but not be limited to the following:
366


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367           (1) The number and kinds of construction projects and contracts on which apprenticeship
368              and Priority Hire requirements were established;
369           (2) The percentage of labor hours actually worked by apprentices and Priority Workers on
370              each such project and the total number of labor hours on each project;
371           (3) The number of apprentices and Priority Workers by contractor broken down by trade
372              and craft category, the wages paid by category of work or trade, the number and
373              percentage of women and people of color utilized as apprentices and Priority Workers
374              and the degree of compliance with the percentage requirements and aspirational
375              goals to be established under this Policy Directive;
376          (4) The number of apprentices and Priority Workers per Port dollar spent on the program;
377          (5) A description of problems encountered in the implementation of the program;
378          (6) A description  of barriers encountered  by participating apprentices and  Priority
379              Workers and steps taken to resolve those problems and to ensure their continued
380             participation in the program;
381
382          C. The Commission, Executive Director, and Designee will review program results annually

383    as part of the LRP update to determine if the program should be expanded or amended by

384   increasing or decreasing requirements and aspirational goals.
385

386   SECTION 7. Fiscal Implications.

387

388   This Policy Directive has fiscal implications as funding and staffing requirements will be needed to

389    implement the Priority Hire program. Fiscal implications will be reviewed by the Designee

390   annually, at a minimum, to determine if additional funding and/or resources are required and

391    shall submit a budget request, as appropriate.

392

393    SECTION 8. Research Findings

394

395    Based  on  studies  commissioned  by  the  City  of  Seattle  and  King  County  and  their
396   implementation  of  Priority  Hire  programs,  and  numerous  public  discussions,  the  Port
397   Commission finds that it is in the Port's and the public's best interest to increase the supply of
398   qualified  construction  workers,  particularly  those  historically  underrepresented  in  the
399   construction industry, including those who live in Economically Distressed Areas in King County
400   and also within that group, women and people of color.
401
402          A. In January 2015, following the positive results of a pilot program on the Elliott Bay
403   Seawall project, the City of Seattle adopted Ordinance No. 124690, an Ordinance relating to
404   establishing a Priority Hire policy to ensure better access to training programs and well-paying
405   construction jobs for local workers, as well as to increase the diversity of the workforce on City
406   projects.
407
408          B. The City implemented the Priority Hire Ordinance through a Community Workforce
409   Agreement (CWA) between the City and the building trade labor unions, and that agreement
410   requires that prime contractors on City public works construction projects of $5 million or


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411    more, must ensure that a certain percent of project labor hours are performed by workers

412    living in Economically Distressed Areas ofSeattle and King County.

413

414          C. In May 2016, the King County Executive directed county agencies to implement a

415    Priority Hire pilot program that prioritized  economically disadvantaged  local workers for

416    inclusion on large King County capital construction projects. King County is considering a

417    permanent Priority Hire program implemented through a CWA.

418
419          D. Based on studies commissioned by the City of Seattle and King County and their
420    implementation  of  Priority  Hire  programs,  and  numerous  public  discussions,  the  Port
421    Commission finds that it is in the Port's and the public's best interest to increase the supply of
422    qualified  construction  workers,  particularly  those  historically  underrepresented  in  the

423    construction industry, including women, racial minorities, and those who live in Economically

424    Distressed Areas of Seattle and King County.
425
426          E. King County completed a study in January 2016 documenting a widening gap between
427    the demand for construction labor and the supply of skilled trade workers in the regional labor

428    market for King County and other public entities. The gap reinforces the urgent need for

429    developing a strategy to address the current and projected workforce shortages. The study also

430   used economic data involving poverty levels,  employment and  educational attainment to

431    determine Economically Distressed Areas, which are identified by zip code.

432

433           F. King County completed The Construction Workforce Analysis in December 2016 and

434   found that the county may reasonably anticipate a reduced surplus of qualified labor and possible

435    labor shortages in certain construction trades by 2020. That is the result of a projected shortfall

436    forecast between demand and supply of four thousand six hundred thirty [4,630] workers by

437    2020. The county is concerned that these labor shortages will increase reliance on outofstate

438    construction  workers  and  that  the  demand  for  new  construction  workers  may  increase

439    construction costs on the county's public works projects unless the county supports efforts to
440    increase the supply of trained apprentices and journey level workers for local public works
441    projects.
442
443          The analysis also found that 81 percent of the construction workforce in King County in
444    2016 were white males, while 19 percent were people of color and women. Representation of
445   women and  people of color  is  higher among  new  entrants to the  labor force through
446    apprenticeships and accredited certificates of completion, such as those received for completing
447    a pre-apprenticeship program. However, according to the analysis, women and people of color

448    also have lower rates of apprenticeship completion than do their white male counterparts.
449
450          G.  The  City  of  Seattle  commissioned  the  Construction  Industry  Labor  Market
451   Assessment, which found that women, irrespective of race, are underrepresented in the
452    construction  industry.  Between  2009  and  2013,  10  percent fewer women finished their
453    apprentice training program than males. The assessment also found that between 2009 and
454   2013, 14 percent fewer racial minority apprentices finished their apprentice training program


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455   than white apprentices. In addition, it also found that underrepresented workers face barriers
456   to completing apprentice training. Between 2009 and 2013, 65 percent of the racial minorities
457   exiting apprenticeships did not complete the programs compared to 51 percent of the white
458   apprentices who failed to complete the program. During that same time period, 65 percent of
459   all women, irrespective of race, failed to complete their programs compared to 55 percent of all
460   men.
461
462          H. The City of Seattle has found that Priority Hire effectively and successfully increases
463    diversity on City construction projects. The share of labor hours between November 2013 and
464   April 2017 saw an increase of 233 percent in rate of hours performed by workers living in
465   Seattle's economically distressed zones. In addition, it saw an over 300 percent increase in rate of
466    hours performed by apprentice women and 200 percent increase in rate of hours performed by
467   African Americans.
468
469          I. A PLA is an effective tool to manage public works projects when reducing the risk of
470   project delays and reducing the potential of labor disruptions and labor shortages.
471
472          J. Priority Hire is an effective tool to create local jobs, enhance workforce diversity, and
473    improve overall working conditions.


















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