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Discarded Military Munitions Management Plan TERMINAL 91: SEDIMENT REGRADING Prepared for: Port of Seattle PO Box 1209 2711 Alaskan Way (Pier 69) Seattle, WA 98111-1209 August 2015 Prepared by Exhibit H Discarded Military Munitions Management Plan (AECOM, Aug. 2015) Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 2.0 ANTICIPATED START DATE ...................................................................................... 1 3.0 PURPOSE .......................................................................................................................... 1 4.0 SITE BACKGROUND AND CURRENT CONDITIONS ............................................ 2 5.0 EXECUTING AGENCIES .............................................................................................. 3 6.0 SCOPE OF INVESTIGATIVE ACTION ...................................................................... 3 7.0 SAFETY CRITERIA ........................................................................................................ 3 8.0 METHODS OF DISPOSAL ............................................................................................ 4 9.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 5 List of Tables Table 6-1 Regrading and Relocation Areas ..................................................................................3 Table 7-1 Minimum Separation Distances ...................................................................................4 Table 7-2 Buried Explosion Module Summary ............................................................................4 List of Figures Figure 1 Vicinity Map Figure 2 Proposed Regrading Project Figure 3 Proposed Regrading & Relocation Areas APPENDIX A SAFETY DATA Fragmentation Data Review Forms Projectile, 5-inch 38 Caliber Mk 35 Projectile, 5-inch 54 Caliber Mk 81, 82, and 83 Buried Explosion Module (BEM) Output Form Port of Seattle Page i P:\ENV\PROJECTSW\Port of Seattle\T-91 Sediment Site Support 60344925\600 - AECOM deliverables\DMM Plan\v3 DMM\DMM Mgmt Plan_rev3_clean_06Aug15_clean.docx\6-Aug-15/OMA DMM Management Plan Terminal 91: Sediment Regrading 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Port of Seattle's Terminal 91 (T-91), Pier 91 requires sediment regrading in order to maintain navigational access (Figure 1). The last dredging event in 2008 at Pier 91 addressed the western berth. A portion of the eastern berth of Pier 91 is currently proposed for sediment regrading by the Port of Seattle (Port). Sediment regrading is proposed for this area based on complications that make traditional dredging impractical. T-91 was an active U.S. Department of the Navy supply terminal during World War II. As a result of former Naval operations, discarded military munitions (DMM) have been identified in the vicinity of Pier 91 East by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE 2013). The potential presence of DMM in sediment complicates dredging and disposal options. The current plan involves repositioning shoal material a short distance to adjacent downslope areas (DOF 2015). This DMM Management Plan assesses the hazards of encountering DMM during the underwater regrading project, as well as how any DMM that are identified during post-project dive inspections will be managed. Contents of this plan were prepared following Department of Defense (DoD) and USACE safety requirements, similar to an Explosives Safety Submission (ESS) for the DoD (DoD 2010, USACE 2008, USACE 2014). Site Information: Facility Name: Port of Seattle Site Name: Terminal 91, Pier 91 East Location: Smith Cove, northern end of Elliott Bay State: Washington Project: Sediment regrading activities 2.0 ANTICIPATED START DATE The anticipated start date for the underwater regarding activities is December 2015. 3.0 PURPOSE The purpose of the project is to maintain safe navigational access in the east berth of Pier 91 by relocating (i.e., regrading) between 250 and 500 cubic yards (cy) of shoaled material consisting primarily of shell hash, fractured rock, and cobble. A small portion of the nearshore area is shoaled above water depths needed for berthing (Figure 2). Following regrading, the project area will be inspected for DMM that may be visible at the surface.1 DMM are defined as "Military munitions that have been abandoned without proper disposal or removed from storage in a 1 Sediment sampling activities completed prior to regrading did not require a DMM Management Plan. Activities were completed using anomaly avoidance protocols. Port of Seattle Page 1 P:\ENV\PROJECTSW\Port of Seattle\T-91 Sediment Site Support 60344925\600 - AECOM deliverables\DMM Plan\v3 DMM\DMM Mgmt Plan_rev3_clean_06Aug15_clean.docx\6-Aug-15/OMA DMM Management Plan Terminal 91: Sediment Regrading military magazine or other storage area for the purpose of disposal" (10 United States Code 2710(e)(2)). 4.0 SITE BACKGROUND AND CURRENT CONDITIONS T-91 is located at the north end of Elliott Bay at 2001 West Garfield Street, in Seattle, Washington. T-91 includes Piers 90 and 91, about 35 acres of adjacent water area, and about 72 acres of yard area north of the Magnolia Bridge. T-91 supports marine uses such as a cruise ship terminal; cargo handling facilities for high-value, high-employment commodities (e.g., fish products); a factory trawler homeport and support facility; major cold storage warehouses, distribution, and a seafood processing plant; and shortand long-term moorage for tugs, barges, and other large vessels. Shoaled sediment requires regrading and relocation in support of cruise ship terminal operations. Underwater regrading work using derrick and clamshell equipment will relocate infilled material (shoals) to adjacent deeper water in order to provide navigational access at the project elevation of -35 feet Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW). The Required Regrade Area at T-91, Pier 91E (STA 0-20 to STA 8+50) includes a shoal length of approximately 370 feet (STA 0-20 to 3+50) and a second smaller shoal of 20 feet in length (STA 5+50) offset 11 feet from the face of the fender pile system. The shoals are of varying width up to approximately 10 to 15 feet. The primary and secondary relocation areas (Figure 3) are adjacent to the shoaled areas. The post-regrade slope may be vertical based on the geometry of the clamshell bucket. The Work Area may be adjusted, based on shoal conditions in the preregrade survey. A Remedial Investigation (RI) (USACE 2013) completed for the T-91 area identified 20 millimeter (mm), 40 mm, 3-inch, and 5-inch projectiles, all of which were DMM. The 5-inch projectile was the largest DMM item identified for the site, so it is used as the munition with the greatest fragmentation distance (MGFD). DMM items were identified as having Explosive D filler, a relatively insensitive high explosive. Chapter 8 of the RI included an assessment of potential hazards of DMM to various receptors at T-91, including "topside construction workers" such as those who would be employed to conduct the regrading project. The risk is reported as "N/A" because there is no exposure pathway. Field investigations and removal actions undertaken as part of the RI in 2010 and 2011 removed 25 pieces of DMM that were at or near the surface of the seabed. With the exception of one shell casing, the DMM items were located well outside of the shoal area at Pier 91. Based on the size of the project area, the volume of material being moved, and the nature of the shoal material, it is unlikely that DMM items will be encountered during regrading. Port of Seattle Page 2 P:\ENV\PROJECTSW\Port of Seattle\T-91 Sediment Site Support 60344925\600 - AECOM deliverables\DMM Plan\v3 DMM\DMM Mgmt Plan_rev3_clean_06Aug15_clean.docx\6-Aug-15/OMA DMM Management Plan Terminal 91: Sediment Regrading 5.0 EXECUTING AGENCIES a. Port of Seattle Facility owner/operator b. Washington State Department of Ecology Regulatory lead c. United States Environmental Protection Agency Additional regulatory support d. Dalton Olmsted Fuglevand (DOF) Sediment regrading design contractor e. AECOM DMM/unexploded ordnance (UXO) contractor 6.0 SCOPE OF INVESTIGATIVE ACTION a. Regrading/Relocation of Sediment (Construction) Following the sediment regrading and relocation activities, Port of Seattle police divers will inspect the project area for surficial evidence of DMM. The Port Police Department Dive Unit routinely performs thorough surveys of both the east and west berths at Pier 91, including inspection of the seabed, piling, and underpier area for security purposes. These dives occur in early April before the summer cruise season begins. The Dive Unit is aware of the potential to discover DMM items in the berths and has a standard operating procedure (SOP) in place should any be discovered. In the past, discovered DMM items have been removed in accordance with their SOP, which includes coordination with explosive ordnance disposal personnel at Joint Base Lewis-McChord (JBLM) for transport and disposal at their permitted facility. If the regrading project were to expose DMM items, they would likewise be identified and removed by the Port's Dive Unit during their pre-cruise security dives and transferred to JBLM personnel. However, as referenced above, based on the nature, location, and volume of the shoal material, it is extremely unlikely that DMM items would be exposed by the regrading. b. Table 6-1 identifies the different areas to be investigated within this project location. Figures 1 through 7 in the Underwater Regrading Plan (DOF 2015) show the areal extent of the proposed regrading and relocation areas for sediment. TABLE 6-1. REGRADING AND RELOCATION AREAS Proposed Sediment Total Acreage Area Description of Area Shoaled Regrading Area of shoaling approximately 390 feet long, 10 to15 feet 0.045 ac Area wide, and 1.25 feet thick along eastern edge of Pier 91E. Deposition area located approximately 27 to 82 feet east of Relocation Area 0.55 ac Pier 91E (primary and secondary). 7.0 SAFETY CRITERIA Characteristics of the munition with the greatest fragmentation distance (MGFD) (i.e., 5-inch projectile) selected for this project are shown in Table 7-1. The MGFD was based on available historical information and findings during previous projects (see Appendix A for Fragmentation Data Review Form). The minimum separation distances (MSDs) for surface workers are also Port of Seattle Page 3 P:\ENV\PROJECTSW\Port of Seattle\T-91 Sediment Site Support 60344925\600 - AECOM deliverables\DMM Plan\v3 DMM\DMM Mgmt Plan_rev3_clean_06Aug15_clean.docx\6-Aug-15/OMA DMM Management Plan Terminal 91: Sediment Regrading listed in Table 7-1. However, assuming a depth of at least 22 feet of water cover during the regrading activities, the effects of over-pressurization and fragmentation will be mitigated by the presence of the water column. As shown in Table 7-2, in accordance with the underwater component of buried explosion module (BEM) listed in the DoD Explosives Safety Board (DDESB) Technical Paper (TP) 16 Chapter 6, BEM Procedures (DDESB 2012), there is no fragmentation or blast withdrawal hazard below 22 feet MLLW (see Appendix A for the BEM output form). However, as an additional safety measure, a default MSD of 100 feet will be established for non-essential personnel during regrading activities. TABLE 7-1. MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCES Minimum Separation Distance (feet) Unintentional Detonations Intentional Detonations Team Without Separation Engineering Using Distance Controls Sandbag DMM HFD (K40) (MFD-H) Mitigation 5-inch 54 Caliber Mark a 343 84 2,652 Not Permitted (Mk) 81, 82, and 83 Notes: See Appendix A for fragmentation data review forms. Source: DDESB 2004. a Hazardous fragment distance (HFD) will be based on the 5-inch 38 Caliber Mk 35 projectile. K40 Inhabited Building Distance (1.2 pounds per square inch). MFD-H Maximum Fragment Distance, Horizontal. Intentional Detonation planned explosive demolition (not anticipated at T-91). Unintentional Detonation interaction with the material (i.e., handling) causes it to function. TABLE 7-2. BURIED EXPLOSION MODULE SUMMARY Depth of Water MFD-H (feet of water cover) (feet) 5-inch Mark (Mk) 28 (Explosive D filled) a 22 20.1 Notes: See Appendix A for Buried Explosion Module (BEM) output form. a Maximum Fragment Distance, Horizontal (MFD-H) will be based on the 5-inch Mk 28 (Explosive D filled) projectile. 8.0 METHODS OF DISPOSAL The contractor will not conduct disposal operations. The Port of Seattle Bomb Disposal Unit will take custody of any DMM discovered during the pre-cruise dive inspection. Custody of DMM will then be transferred to JBLM for disposal and final disposition at their permitted site. This DoD military installation is located approximately 9 miles southwest of Tacoma, Washington and operates under the jurisdiction of the United States Army Joint Base Garrison. DMM will be transported in accordance with applicable local, state, and federal regulations (i.e., bracing, blocking, segregation of incompatible explosives, and appropriate notifications). Port of Seattle Page 4 P:\ENV\PROJECTSW\Port of Seattle\T-91 Sediment Site Support 60344925\600 - AECOM deliverables\DMM Plan\v3 DMM\DMM Mgmt Plan_rev3_clean_06Aug15_clean.docx\6-Aug-15/OMA DMM Management Plan Terminal 91: Sediment Regrading 9.0 REFERENCES DDESB, 2004. Technical Paper (TP) 18. Minimum Qualifications for Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Technicians and Personnel. December 20. DDESB, 2012. Technical Paper (TP) 16. Methodologies for Calculating Primary Fragment Characteristics. Revision 4. August. DoD, 2010. DoD Manual (DoDM) 6055.09-M, Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards. Prepared by the U.S. Department of Defense. August 4. DOF, 2015. Terminal 91 Pier 91E Underwater Regrading Plan 201, Draft Figures. Prepared for the Port of Seattle. Prepared by Dalton Olmstead Fuglevand, Seattle, WA. USACE, 2008. Explosives Safety and Health Requirements Manual. EM 385-1-97 (including Errata 1 through 6 dated June and July 2009, April 2010, and May 2013, and Change 1 dated June 2013). Prepared by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Last revision dated June 2013. USACE, 2013. Draft Final Remedial Investigation Report, Former Seattle Naval Supply Depot, Piers 90 and 91, Port of Seattle. Formerly Used Defense Site #F10WA012501. Prepared by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, WA. September. USACE, 2014. Safety and Health Requirements Manual. EM 385-1-1. Prepared by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. November. Port of Seattle Page 5 P:\ENV\PROJECTSW\Port of Seattle\T-91 Sediment Site Support 60344925\600 - AECOM deliverables\DMM Plan\v3 DMM\DMM Mgmt Plan_rev3_clean_06Aug15_clean.docx\6-Aug-15/OMA Port of Seattle Proposed T91 P91E Regrading Project VICINITY MAP FIGURE 1 February 19, 2015 Port of Seattle Proposed T91 P91E Regrading Project PROPOSED REGRADING PROJECT FIGURE 2 February 19, 2015 Port of Seattle Proposed T91 P91E Regrading Project PROPOSED REGRADING & FIGURE RELOCATION AREAS 3 February 19, 2015 APPENDIX A Safety Data Appendix B Fragmentation Data Review Forms Fragmentation Data Review Forms and BEM Output Fragmentation Data Review Forms Buried Explosion Module (BEM) Output Form Port of Seattle P:\ENV\PROJECTSW\Port of Seattle\T-91 Sediment Site Support 60344925\600 - AECOM deliverables\DMM Plan\v3 DMM\DMM Mgmt Plan_rev3_clean_06Aug15_clean.docx\6-Aug-15/OMA Fragmentation Data Review Form Database Revision Date 8/21/2014 Category: Surface-Launched HE Rounds DODIC: Munition: 5 in 38 Caliber Mk 35 Date Record Created: 1/11/2008 Record Created By: MC Case Material: Steel, Mild Last Date Record Updated: 9/14/2011 Individual Last Updated Record: SDH Fragmentation Method: Naturally Fragmenting Date Record Retired: Secondary Database Category: Projectile Munition Case Classification: Robust Theoretical Calculated Fragment Distances Munition Information and HFD [Hazardous Fragment Distance: distance to no more 343 Fragmentation Characteristics than 1 hazardous fragment per 600 square feet] (ft): Explosive Type: Explosive D MFD-H [Maximum Fragment Distance, Horizontal] (ft): 2131 Explosive Weight (lb): 7.55 MFD-V [Maximum Fragment Distance, Vertical] (ft): 1613 Diameter (in): 5.0000 Overpressure Distances Cylindrical Case Weight (lb): 29.81237 TNT Equivalent (Pressure): 0.85 Maximum Fragment Weight 0.3380 (Intentional) (lb): TNT Equivalent Weight - Pressure (lbs): 6.418 Design Fragment Weight (95%) 0.0667 Unbarricaded Intraline Distance (3.5 psi), K18 Distance: 33 (Unintentional) (lb): Critical Fragment Velocity (fps): 3409 Public Traffic Route Distance (2.3 psi); K24 Distance: 45 Inhabited Building Distance (1.2 psi), K40 Distance: 74 Sandbag and Water Mitigation Options Intentional MSD (0.0655 psi), K328 Distance: 610 TNT Equivalent (Impulse): 0.81 Note: Per V5.E3.2.2.1 of DoD 6055.09-M the minimum sited K328 distance may be no smaller than 200 ft. TNT Equivalent Weight - Impulse (lbs): 6.116 Kinetic Energy 10 (lb-ft/s): 1.9634 Minimum Thickness to Prevent Perforation Single Sandbag Mitigation Intentional Unintentional 4000 psi Concrete Required Wall & Roof Thickness (in) 36 (Prevent Spall): 8.80 4.49 Expected Max. Throw Distance (ft): 220 Mild Steel: 1.71 0.87 Minimum Separation Distance (ft): 220 Hard Steel: 1.40 0.71 Aluminum: 3.37 1.79 Double Sandbag Mitigation LEXAN: 8.19 5.49 Required Wall & Roof Thickness (in) Not Permitted Plexi-glass: 6.62 3.89 Expected Max. Throw Distance (ft): Not Permitted Bullet Resist Glass: 5.85 3.26 Minimum Separation Distance (ft): Not Permitted Item Notes Water Mitigation Minimum Separation Distance (ft): 275 Water Containment System: 1100 gal tank Note: Use Sandbag and Water Mitigation in accordance with all applicable documents and guidance. If a donor charge larger than 32 grams is utilized, the above mitigation options are no longer applicable. Subject matter experts may be contacted to develop site specific mitigation options. Distribution authorized to the Department of Defense and U.S. DoD contractors only for Administrative-Operational Use (17 October 2002). Other requests shall be referred to the Chairman, Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board, Room 856C, Hoffman Building I, 2461 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22331-0600. Fragmentation Data Review Form Database Revision Date 8/21/2014 Category: Surface-Launched HE Rounds DODIC: D340, D343, D346 Munition: 5 in 54 Caliber Mk 81, 82, and 83 Date Record Created: 10/14/2011 Record Created By: SDH Case Material: Steel, Mild Last Date Record Updated: 4/15/2013 Individual Last Updated Record: SDH Fragmentation Method: Naturally Fragmenting Date Record Retired: Secondary Database Category: Projectile Munition Case Classification: Robust Theoretical Calculated Fragment Distances Munition Information and HFD [Hazardous Fragment Distance: distance to no more 326 Fragmentation Characteristics than 1 hazardous fragment per 600 square feet] (ft): Explosive Type: PBXN-106 MFD-H [Maximum Fragment Distance, Horizontal] (ft): 2652 Explosive Weight (lb): 6.25 MFD-V [Maximum Fragment Distance, Vertical] (ft): 2024 Diameter (in): 5.0000 Overpressure Distances Cylindrical Case Weight (lb): 46.75802 TNT Equivalent (Pressure): 1.46 Maximum Fragment Weight 0.6690 (Intentional) (lb): TNT Equivalent Weight - Pressure (lbs): 9.125 Design Fragment Weight (95%) 0.1825 Unbarricaded Intraline Distance (3.5 psi), K18 Distance: 38 (Unintentional) (lb): Critical Fragment Velocity (fps): 3933 Public Traffic Route Distance (2.3 psi); K24 Distance: 50 Inhabited Building Distance (1.2 psi), K40 Distance: 84 Sandbag and Water Mitigation Options Intentional MSD (0.0655 psi), K328 Distance: 685 TNT Equivalent (Impulse): 1.3 Note: Per V5.E3.2.2.1 of DoD 6055.09-M the minimum sited K328 distance may be no smaller than 200 ft. TNT Equivalent Weight - Impulse (lbs): 8.125 Kinetic Energy 10 (lb-ft/s): 4.8135 Minimum Thickness to Prevent Perforation Single Sandbag Mitigation Intentional Unintentional 4000 psi Concrete Required Wall & Roof Thickness (in) 36 (Prevent Spall): 12.71 6.81 Expected Max. Throw Distance (ft): 220 Mild Steel: 2.46 1.33 Minimum Separation Distance (ft): 220 Hard Steel: 2.02 1.09 Aluminum: 4.74 2.65 Double Sandbag Mitigation LEXAN: 10.24 7.00 Required Wall & Roof Thickness (in) Not Permitted Plexi-glass: 8.91 5.38 Expected Max. Throw Distance (ft): Not Permitted Bullet Resist Glass: 8.12 4.64 Minimum Separation Distance (ft): Not Permitted Item Notes Water Mitigation Minimum Separation Distance (ft): 275 Corrected values utilized for determining sandbag and water mitigation requirements resulted sandbag and water mitigation being permitted Water Containment System: 1100 gal tank for use with this item. Note: Use Sandbag and Water Mitigation in accordance with all applicable documents and guidance. If a donor charge larger than 32 grams is utilized, the above mitigation options are no longer applicable. Subject matter experts may be contacted to develop site specific mitigation options. Distribution authorized to the Department of Defense and U.S. DoD contractors only for Administrative-Operational Use (17 October 2002). Other requests shall be referred to the Chairman, Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board, Room 856C, Hoffman Building I, 2461 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22331-0600. BURIED EXPLOSION MODULE (Version 6.3.1) Based on DDESB Technical Paper 16 Revision 4, EARTHEX software, and NSWCDD/TR-92/196 (ENGLISH UNITS) SELECT BURIAL MEDIUM SELECT ITEM DESCRIPTION If underwater, ignore soil type USER INPUTS ENTER TOTAL NUMBER OF ITEMS 1 ENTER TOTAL WEIGHT OF ALL DONOR CHARGES (lbs) 0.10 ENTER DONOR CHARGE EXPLOSIVE TYPE VALUES USED IN BEM CALCULATIONS SINGLE ITEM NEW (lbs) 7.33 ITEM DIAMETER (in) 4.930 SINGLE ITEM MAXIMUM FRAGMENT WEIGHT (lbs) 0.3955 FRAGMENT WEIGHT USED IN CALCULATIONS (lbs) 0.3955 SINGLE ITEM MAXIMUM FRAGMENT VELOCITY (ft/s) 3,031 FRAGMENT VELOCITY USED IN CALCULATIONS (ft/s) 3,031 TOTAL TNT WEIGHT USED (lbs) 6.32 WEIGHT USED IN UNDEX WEIGHT CALCULATIONS (lbs) 7.58 WEIGHT USED IN UNDEX VELOCITY CALCULATIONS (lbs) 5.61 USER INPUTS ENTER DEPTH OF WATER (ft) 22.00 ENTER HORIZONTAL RANGE (for pressure calculation) (ft) 100 BURIED EXPLOSION MODULE OUTPUTS UNDERWATER NO CRATER 0 FRAGMENT EXIT VELOCITY (ft/s) 0.0 MIN. FRAGMENT LAUNCH ANGLE () 90.0 MAXIMUM FRAGMENT DISTANCE - HORIZONTAL (ft) 0.0 *Distance at which pressure is 0.066 psi = Blast Withdrawal Distance (buried/undex) (ft)* 20.1 Fragment Hazard Distance (ft) 0.0 See Note 2 Open Air Pressure at Fragment Hazard (psi) -N/A- See Note 3 Withdrawal 606.3 Distance (dB) -N/A- See Note 3 Distance, K328 (ft) Fragment Hazard Distance = max (MFD-H, Soil Ejecta Distance) (psi) 0.0000 See Note 4 Pressure at Range Entered (dB) 0.0 See Note 4 Note 2: Water too deep--no fragments expected Note 3: No overpressure is produced at this depth Note 4: No overpressure is produced at this depth 8/4/2015 1
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