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(U3 Advisory , US. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Circular ' Administration l Subject: GROUND VEHICLE OPERATIONS ON Date: March 31, 2008 AC N0: 150/5210-20 AIRPORTS Initiated by: AAS-300 Change: 1 1. PURPOSE. This Advisory Circular (AC) and a. All airport operators should establish the attached appendices provide guidance to airpmt . procedures and policies concerning vehicle access operators in developing training programs for safe _f' and vehicle operations on the airside ofthe airport, ground vehicle operations and pedestrian control on includinamp and apron areas. These procedures ' and policies should address such the airside ofan airport. This includes both matters as access, movement and non-movement areas, ramps, and vehicle operator requirements, vehicle requirements, aprons. Not all the items addressed in this document operations, and enforcement and should be will be applicable at every airport. The Federal incorporated into tenant leases and agreements. Aviation Administration (FAA) recommends that b. Establishment ofprocedures for the safe and each item be evaluated in terms of how'it may apply orderly access to the movement area and operation in to the size, complexity, and scope of operation ofthe that area is required at certicated airports, under 14 airport. This AC contains recommended operating C.F.R. 1393290)). Initial and recurrent training in procedures, a sample training curriculum (Appendix procedures for access to the movement area is A), and a sample training manual (Appendix B). required for airport personnel under 139.303(c). , 2. BACKGROUND. Every year there are Only initial training is required for tenant and accidents and incidents involving aircraft, contractor employees, under 139.329(e). However, pedestrians, and ground vehicles at airports that lead regular recurrent training is strongly recommended to property damage and injury, which may be fatal. for all persons with access to the movement area. Many ofthese events result from inadequate security c. Each bidding document (construction plans measures, a failure to maintain visual aids, a lack of and/or specications) for development work on an such aids, and inadequate vehicle operator training. airport or for installation of an air navigation Ground vehicle operation plans promote the safety of ' facility (NAVAID) should incorporate a section on airport users by helping identify authorized areas of ground vehicle operations on airports during vehicle operation, outlining vehicle identication construction activity. The airport'operator should systems, addressing vehicle and operator provide a copy of this plan to the local FAA requirements, and coordinating construction, V Airways Facilities ofce for review. The maintenance, and emergency activities. construction plans and/or specications should 3. APPLICABILITY. The overall responsibility contain the appropriate provisions, as specied in for the operation of vehicles on an airport rests with Appendix 1 ofAC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety the airport operator. The airport operator is also on Airports During Construction. responsible for compliance with the requirements of part 139 at certicated airports and with the provisions of any applicable Federal grant agreements. Adherence to the provisions contained in this AC may materially assist the airport operator in complying with these requirements. AC 150/5210-20 Change 1 3/31/2008 4. RELATED READING MATERIAL You will does not normally require training. Airport operators nd additional informationin the following may modify these documents to meet their individual publications: needs. It may also be advantageous to develop customized program'sfer vehicles operators who only a. 14 CFR part 139, Certication ofAirports > access ramp areas and those who operate on the b. Current editions ofthe following advisory movement area. circulars: Initial training is the training provided to a new (1) AC 9067, Light Signals from the . employee or airport user that would enable that person . Control Tower for Ground Vehicles, Equipment, and to demonstrate the ability to operate a vehicle safely Personnel and in accordance with established procedures while functioning independently on the airside. Recurrent (2) AC 12057, Surface Movement 'training is the training provided to an employee or Guidance and Control System airport user as oen as necessary to enable that person (3) AC ISO/52106, Painting, Marking, and to maintain a satisfactory level ofprociency. Lighting ofVehicles Used on an Airport Appropriate schedules for recurrent training will vary widely from airport to airport and from one employee (4) AC 150/5340-1, Standards for Airport to another, however, under no circumstances should Markings recurrent training intervals forpersonnel authorized to (5) AC 150/534018, Standards for Airport drive on the movement area extend beyond one year. Sign Systems Airport operators might consider requiring annual recurrent training when a vehicle operator renews an (6) AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on expired airport 1]) badge or whena tenantrenews a Airports During Construction lease agreement. A sample Ground Vehicle Operating (7) AC 150/5210~18, Systems for Familiarization Program Training Record is included in Interactive Training ofAirport Personnel Appendix B. (8) AC 150/5200-30, Airport Winter Safety Airports use a variety ofmethods for training ground and Operations vehicle operators. In some cases, airport operators delegate the requirement of employee training to . c. To View or. download an electronic copy of airport tenants or a contractor. Some airport operators this AC, visit the FAA website at http://www.faa.gov. choose to include training manuals or vehicle- operating requirements as part oftenant lease or use 5. VEHICLEIOPERATOR REQUIREMENTS. agreements. An airport operator maychoose to Vehicle operators on airports face conditions that are distribute training manual information via a Web not normally encountered during highway driving. page, videos, or booklets. Formal classroom Therefore, those persons who have vehicular.access instruction provided by the airport operator or tenant to the movement area ofthe airport must have an can include either personal instruction or a computer appropriate level ofknowledge of airport rules and based interactive training system. (See AC 150/5210- regulations. Airport operators should requirervehicle l 8 .) operators to maintain a current driver's license and should establish a means of identication that would Airport operators should provide a means oftesting * permit the operation of a vehicle on the airside of an trainees on the information presented. In addition to standard question and answer classroom testing airport. Any person expected to operate on the movement area should demonstrate a functional methods, the airport operators should have potential knowledge ofthe Englishlanguage. ground vehicle operators demonstrate their prociency in operating a vehicle on the airside before authorizing driving privileges. The FAA also 6. TRAINING. Appendix A includes a sample recommends on-the-job training before personnel training curriculum. This curriculum should include have unescorted access to the airside ofthe airport. initial and/or remedial instruction of all personnel who have access to the airside ofthe airport. The 7. VEHICLES 0N AIRPORTS. Airport operators ' : curriculum should also include annual recurrent should keep vehicular and pedestrian activity on the instruction for all persannel who have access to the airside ofthe airport to a minimum. Vehicles on the I movement area. The airport operator should retain airside ofthe airport should be limited to those records of this training as long as this person is vehicles necessary to support the operation of aircraft authorized to operate on the airport. Escorted access services, cargo and passenger services, emergency 3/31/2008 AC 150/5210-20 Change 1 services, and maintenance of the airport. Vehicles on At airports without an operating ATCT, two-way the movement area should be limited to those radio control between vehicles and xed-based necessary for the inspection and maintenance of the operators or other airport users should avoid movement areas and emergency vehicles responding frequencies used by aircraft. Even with the most to an aircraft emergency on the movement area. sophisticated procedures and equipment, vehicle Vehicles should use service roads or public roads in operators need training to achieve the prociency to lieu of crossing movement areas whenever possible. operate safely. The airport operator should give Where vehicular trafc on airport operation areas special consideration to training temporary operators, cannot be avoided, it should be carefully controlled. such as construction workers, even if escort service is being provided. When necessary, runway crossing should occur at the departure runway end rather than the midpoint. In the Inadvertent entry by vehicles onto movement and non-movement areas of an airport poses a danger to event of a runway incursion, an aircraft would have both the vehicle operator and aircraft that are more time and runway length to react ifthe vehicle incursion is at the end ofthe runway. attempting to land or take off or that are maneuvering on the airport. Methods for controlling access to the Some aspects ofvehicle control and identication are airside will vary depending on the type and location discussed belOw; however, every airport presents ofthe airport. The Airport Layout Plan is a useful different vehicle requirements and problems. Every tool for accomplishing this. Airports may erect a ' airport will require individualized solutions to fence or provide for other natural or physical barriers ' prevent vehicle or pedestrian trafc from around the entire airport in addition to providing endangering aircraft operations. It should be stressed control measures at each access gate, such as guards, that aircraft ALWAYS have the right-of-way over magnetic card activated looks, or remotely controlled vehicles when maneuvering on non-movement areas. locks. Gates may either be opened/closed Aircraft also have. the right-of-way on the movement electronically or secured by lock and chain. Physical areas, except when the Airport Trafc Control Tower barriers might include natural objects, such as earthen (ATCT) has specically instructed an aircra to hold berms, large boulders, tree trunks, and manmade or give way to vehicle(s) on a runway or taxiway. culverts that could help control remote vehicle access Vehicles that routinely operate on the airside should points. be marked/agged for high daytime visibility and, if VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS. Requirements appropriate, lighted for nighttime operations. 9. for vehicles will vary depending on the airport, the Vehicles that are equipped withmarking and lighting devices should escort vehicles that are not marked type of vehicle, and where the vehicle will be and lighted. (See AC 150/5210-5.) Vehicles needing operated on the airport. An airport operator should limit vehicle operations on the movement areas of the intermittent identication should be marked with magnetically attached markers, which are airport to only those vehicles necessary to support the commercially available. operational activity ofthe airport. Airport operators might nd it benecial to have separate requirements for vehicles operated solely on a ramp area as 8. VEHICULAR ACCESS CONTROL. The control of vehicular activity on the airside of an opposed to those vehicles that operate on movement airport is of the higheSt importance. The airport areas. operator is responsible for developing procedures, Some airports have beneted from establishing their procuring equipment, and providing training own vehicle inspection program to assure that all regarding vehicle operations to ensure aircraft and vehicles are maintained in a safe operating condition. personnel safety. At airports with an operating In establishing vehicle requirements, some items to ATCT, controllers and vehicle operators should use consider include twoway radios to control vehicles when on the movement area. To accomplish this task, the airport a. Marking and identication of vehicles operator and the ATCT should develop a letter of b. Minimum equipment requirements agreement outlining standard operating procedures. When there is construction on an airport, whether c. Inclusion in all vehicles of a placard federally funded or not, the airport operator should diagram depicting the airport's movement area. The follow the ground vehicle practices contained in AC diagram should display prominent landmarks and/or 150/5370-2. perimeter roads. Vehicles intended to operate within the movement area should also include a placard AC 150/5210-20 Change 1 3/31/2008 showing the meaning ofATCT light gun signals and 11. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS AND OTHER aireld sign and marking information; NON-ROUTINE OPERATIONS. Airport operators allow a number ofnonvroutine operations to occur on (1. Vehicle condition requirements and the airside'ofthe airport: Such non-routine activities inspection include air'eld construction, airshows, aircraft static e. Insurance coverage displays, VIP arrivals/departures, commercial photo shoots, or a host of other activities. In addition to security requirements, airport operators should ' 10. VEHICLE OPERATIONS. The rules and regulations pertaining to vehicle operations should recognize and prepare for the unique challenges that provide adequate procedures for the safe and orderly arise during nonroutine operations as they relate to ' operation ofvehicles on the airside ofthe airport. In vehicle operations. developing such procedures, airport operators should Airport operators should review non-routine consider operations that involve ground vehicles and develop Requirements that vehicles operating on vehicle operation procedures to accommodate these a. movement areas be radio equipped or escorted by a special operations. Planning meetings associated with radio-equipped vehicle such activities offer an opportunity to review driving rules and regulations, communications and b. Specic procedural requirements for vehicle procedures, and air trafc control procedures as well operations on airports without an operating ATCT as other important operational issues. c. Advance notice/approval for operating a These meetings should pay special attention to the nonairport owned vehicle on the movement area following activities: d. Speed limits a. Airside Construction. The airport operator e. Prohibitions on should develop procedures, procure equipment, and provide training on vehicle operations to ensure (1)- Passing other vehicles and taxing aircra safety during construction as specified in AC _ aircraft '150/53402. (2) Leaving a vehicle unattended and b. Emergency Response/Mutual Aid. Many mnning ' ., airports rely on local emergency services to provide aircraft rescue and reghting or emergency medical (3) Driving under an aircraft except when servicing the aircraft ' ' services. Airport operators should ensure that such emergency service providers receive initial and (4) Driving under passenger bridges recurrent training in the subject areas identied in f. Requirements stipulating when vehicle paragraph 10, Vehicle Operations, and maintain records ofsuch training. In addition, any mutual aid lights must be operated agreement between the local emergency service g. Requirements for the use of dedicated providers and the airport operator should specify vehicle lanes and perimeter roads whenever possible vehicle operations training requirements. 11. Locations where vehicles may and may not e. Snow and Ice Removal. Airport Operators . park who use contractors for snow and ice control i. Rules ofrightofway (e.g. for aircraft, operations should ensure agreements with such contractors include vehicle operations procedures, emergency vehicles, other vehicles) including training requirements, consequences of j. Areas where vehicles may be serviced noncompliance, and vehicle communications k. Procedures for inoperative radios while on a requirements. The FAA recommends that, when possible, airport operators limit contractors to non movement area movement areas. When an ATCT is not in operation, 1. Requirements to report all accidents or there is no ATCT, procedures should be developed involving ground vehicles on the airside to advise air trafc on the Common Trafc Advisory Frequency (CTAF) of any intentions to remove snow 111. Requirements making the vehicle operator and ice in the movement area. responsible for passengers in the vehicle d. Low-Visibility Operations. Additional consideration should be given to vehicle operations 3/31/2008 AC 150/5210-20 Change 1' during low visibility. Poor weather conditions (snow, Airport operators may also be able to increase fog, rain, etc.) may obscure visual cues, roadway situational awareness for vehicle operators with markings, and airport signs. enhancements on the airside. Such enhancements may include establishing dedicated marked routes for Some airports have a Surface Movement Guidance vehicles that avoid high activity, congested areas, or and Control System (SMGCS), which provides ' blind spots. The elimination or relocation of xed guidance to, and control or regulation of, all aircraft objects that hinder a vehicle operator's line of sight and ground vehicles on the movement area of an or block radio transmissions may also enhance safety. airport. Guidance relates to facilities, information, and advice necessary to enable pilots of aircraft, or 13. ENFORCEMENT AND CONTROL. Airport drivers of ground vehicles, to nd their way on the operators should establish procedures for enforcing airport and keep the aircraft or vehicles on the p the consequences ofnon-compliance, including surfaces and areas intended for their use. Control or penalties for violations. Tenant lease or use regulation means the measures necessary to prevent agreements may include these enforcement collisions and to ensure that the trafc ows safely. provisions. Listed below are control issues that For additional information on the SMGCS and the airport operators should address as part of a ground SMGCS Plan, refer to AC 120-57. vehicle control program: 12. SITUATIONAL AWARENESS. There are a a. Implementation of a tiered identication number of factors that hamper vehicle operator badging system that permits easy recognition of a situational awareness. Situational awareness declines vehicle operator's permitted driving area privileges as a driver's attention is drawn into the vehicle or is b. Prohibition against transfer of registration focused on any one thing to the exclusion of media to a vehicle other than the one for which everything else. Other such factors include vague or originally issued incomplete communications or a vehicle operator's personal conicts, which may involve fatigue and 0. Policies for surrendering permits to airport stress. Running behind schedule or being over-tasked management when a vehicle is no longer authorized also contributes to a reduction in situational entry into a facility awareness. Certainly, degraded operating conditions, d. Periodic checks to ensure that only properly such as equipment malfunctions, rain, fog, or snow, authorized persons operate vehicles on the airside. may also diminish a vehicle operator's situational awareness. e. System to control the movement of commercial trucks and other goods conveyances onto There are ways to enhance situational awareness. As and out of the airside of an airport part of a ground vehicle operator's training program, airport operators may concentrate on having vehicle f. Brieng or training for delivery drivers if operators visually scan xed and moving objects that they are peimitted direct access to the airside may be converging into the vehicle's path. Airport g. . Implementation of a progressive penalty operators should also promote the use of clear and concise communications by vehicle operators. Most policy important, airport operators should alert vehicle operators to distractions caused by social interactions while operating a vehicle on the airside. Kelvin L. Solco Acting Director of Airport Safety and Standards
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