3c supp 2
Item No. 3c_supp_2 Date of Meeting June 28, 2016 Aviation Biofuels Critical to Aviation's Attainment of Environmental Sustainability Port of Seattle Commission Meeting June 28, 2016 Ralph Cavalieri Director, Aviation Sustainability Center (ASCENT) the FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment Associate Vice-President for Research Washington State University The FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment (Aviation Sustainability Center ASCENT) is funded by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Office of Environment and Energy under FAA Award Number 13-C-AJFE. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the FAA or other ASCENT Sponsors. ASCENT - FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and Environment Ralph Cavalieri, Director R. John Hansman, Co-Director Washington State University Massachusetts Institute of Technology James Hileman, FAA Program Manager Research Focus Areas Alternative Jet Fuels Environmental 3.1.1. Feedstock Development, Processing and 3.1.6. Aircraft Noise and Impacts Conversion 3.1.7. Aviation Emissions and Impacts 3.1.2. Regional Supply and Refining Infrastructure 3.1.8. Aircraft Technology Assessment 3.1.3. Environmental Benefits Analysis 3.1.9. Energy Efficient Gate-to-Gate Aircraft Operations 3.1.4. Aircraft Component Deterioration and Wear 3.1.10. Aviation Modeling and Analysis 3.1.5. Fuel Performance Testing ASCENT Team Lead Universities: Washington State University (WSU)* Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Core Universities: Boston University (BU) Georgia Institute of Technology (Ga Tech) Missouri University of Science and Technology (MS&T) Oregon State University (OSU)* Pennsylvania State University (PSU)* Purdue University (PU)* Stanford University (SU) University of Dayton (UD) University of Hawaii (UH)* Advisory Committee - 58 organizations: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)* 5 airports University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) 4 airlines 7 NGO/advocacy University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) 9 aviation manufacturers University of Tennessee (UT)* 11 feedstock/fuel manufacturers University of Washington (UW)* 22 R&D, service to aviation sector * Denotes USDA NIFA AFRI-CAP Leads and Participants & Sun Grant Schools Economic and Social Benefits of Aviation 5.4% of 11.8 Million U.S. GDP U.S. jobs 1.5 Trillion 27% of U.S. exports $430.9 billion in U.S. economic activity annually 22% of U.S. imports $509.4 billion SOURCE: FAA Air Traffic Organization; US Census Bureau Environmental Protection to Enable Increased Mobility NOISE AIR QUALITY CLIMATE ENERGY Reduce the number of Reduce significant air quality Achieve carbon neutral Develop and deploy people exposed to impacts attributable to growth by 2020 relative to a sustainable alternative significant noise around U.S. aviation 2005 baseline airports aviation fuels ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY GOALS The Five Pillar Approach Science and Tools Technology Alternative Fuels PILLAR 1: Improved Scientific Knowledge and PILLAR 2: New Aircraft Technologies PILLAR 3: Sustainable Alternative Aviation Fuels Integrated Modeling Offer the greatest opportunity to reduce Reduce environmental impacts, enhance energy Decision-making based on solid scientific environmental impacts security, and provide economic benefits understanding Partner with industry, research community, Collaborate with stakeholders through the Work with research community through the NASA, and Department of Defense Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative Aviation Sustainability Center (ASCENT) Mature new engine and airframe technologies (CAAFI) Understand public health and welfare impacts through the Continuous Lower Energy, Test alternative jet fuels to ensure they are safe Incorporate this knowledge within the Aviation Emissions and Noise (CLEEN) Program for use through ASCENT and CLEEN Environmental Tool Suite Analyze their potential for reducing the environmental impacts of aviation Operations Policy PILLAR 4: Air Traffic Management Modernization PILLAR 5: Policies, Environmental Standards, and and Operational Improvements Market Based Measures Increase efficiency of aircraft operations Implement domestic policies, programs, and through the Next Generation Air mechanisms to support technology and operational Transportation System (NextGen) innovation http://www.faa.gov/ Engage with industry, research community, Develop and implement aircraft emissions and noise nextgen http://www.caafi.org NASA, and Department of Defense standards Develop advanced operational procedures to Work within the International Civil Aviation optimize gate-to-gate operations Organization (ICAO) to pursue a basket of measures Integrate infrastructure enhancements to the to address emissions that affect climate, including a National Airspace System (NAS), improving global market based measure as a gap filler environmental performance Seek international partners to further our environmental and energy strategy http://www.faa.gov/ http://ascent.aero go/cleen Noise GOAL: Reduce population exposure to significant noise around U.S. airports SOURCE: FAA Office of Environment and Energy What we have ACHIEVED 95% reduction in the number of people exposed to significant noise in proximity to U.S. airports 260% increase in passengers travelling in the U.S. from 200 million to 720 million 9 Billion provided by FAA Developed a Balanced Approach using since 1982 for sound insulation of homes Source Reduction, Land Use Planning, and and schools around U.S. airports Operational Procedures and Restrictions Noise: What we are DOING NOW SCIENCE & INTEGRATED MODELING ANNOYANCE CHILDREN'S HUMAN HEALTH SLEEP DISTURBANCE MODELING Nationwide LEARNING Explore the Field studies to Improve survey to Case Studies incremental effects of determine modeling of understand through the aviation noise on physiological impacts noise effects community National Academy human health of aviation noise and impacts reaction to of Science aircraft noise MITIGATION NEW TECHNOLOGY SOUND LAND USE POLICY Mature new aircraft OPERATIONS INSULATION PLANNING Promulgate Stage and engine Develop and Continue the Examine land use 5 noise standard technologies to implement long-established compatibility and phase out 3 reduce aircraft procedures to Sound Insulation older jet aircraft so and quieter are source noise through reduce noise Program and Stage guidelines flying after end of FAA's CLEEN exposure improve eligibility 2015 Program criteria Air Quality GOAL: Reduce significant air quality impacts attributable to aviation What we have ACHIEVED Eliminated smoke emissions DC-8, Boeing 787, 1958 2012 NO x 50% reduction in 18% reduction in fuel Characterized gaseous Measured 50% CAEP Nitrogen Oxides burned over the last 7 and Particulate Matter reduction in PM (NO ) years, yielding lower (PM) emissions from emissions from the use x emissions standard pollutant emissions aircraft engines burning jet of alternative jet fuels in since 1995 despite growth in civil fuel full scale jet engines aviation SOURCE: EPA Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2012, EPA 430-R-14-003, April 15, 2014 Air Quality: What we are DOING NOW SCIENCE & INTEGRATED MODELING HUMAN HEALTH ENGINE CERTIFICATION EMISSION MEASUREMENTS MODELING Explore the incremental Use the latest Develop gaseous and PM Improve modeling of effects of aviation measurement emissions measurement aviation emissions emissions on human technology to certify systems for jet engine consequences and health engine emissions exhaust impacts MITIGATION NEW TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS ALTERNATIVE POLICY Mature new aircraft and Develop and FUELS Promulgate engine engine technologies to implement Deploy alternative PM emissions reduce emissions procedures to fuels to reduce PM standard through FAA's CLEEN reduce emissions emissions Program Climate GOAL: Achieve carbon neutral growth by 2020 relative to a 2005 baseline SOURCE: FAA Office of Environment and Energy, Transportation Energy Data Book, 2014 What we have ACHIEVED Three decades of 7000 aviation energy efficiency 6000 improvement 5000 BTU/passenger mile 4000 3000 2000 Climate Action Plan 1000 for U.S. Aviation 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 Aircraft Cars Transit Buses Rail Estimated that global 80% reduction in lifecycle Quantified aviation aviation Carbon Dioxide greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse gas (CO ) emissions could compared to conventional emissions and 2 grow to 5% by 2050 fuels achievable via reduced from current 2% level certified alternative jet fuels uncertainties on contrail effects Climate: What we are DOING NOW SCIENCE & INTEGRATED MODELING CLIMATE METRICS CONTRAILS CRUISE EMISSIONS MODELING Explore the incremental Understand Study impacts from Improve fuel use effects of aviation condensation trails aircraft emissions at calculations and emissions on climate formation and their altitude climate impacts change effects modeling MITIGATION NEW TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS ALTERNATIVE POLICY Mature new aircraft and Develop and FUELS Develop global market engine technologies to implement Advance certification of based measure for reduce CO emissions procedures to drop-in alternative jet international aviation and 2 through FAA's CLEEN reduce fuel use fuels, and calculate well- promulgate aircraft CO 2 Program to-wake climate benefits standard Climate: What we are DOING NOW The FAA's CLEEN Program is developing aircraft technologies that reduce fuel use and CO 2 emissions, including Boeing's adaptive trailing edge and ceramic matrix composite exhaust nozzle technologies which were flight tested on the Boeing ecoDemonstrator aircraft NASA and FAA are working with international partners from Canada and Germany to characterize alternative fuel emissions in flight and to understand contrail formation Carbon Mitigation Strategy Source: Air Transport Action Group (ATAG) (2010), The right flight path to reduce aviation emissions, ATAG. Geneva. ASCENT Alternative Jet Fuel Projects Project # Title 01 Alternative Jet Fuel Supply Chain Analysis 21 Improving Climate Policy Analysis Tools 24 Emissions Data Analysis for CLEEN, ACCESS, and Other Recent Tests 25 National Jet Fuels Combustion Program Area #1: Chemical Kinetics Combustion Experiments 26 National Jet Fuels Combustion Program Area #2: Chemical Kinetics Model Development and Evaluation 27 National Jet Fuels Combustion Program Area #3: Advanced Combustion Tests 28 National Jet Fuels Combustion Program Area #4: Combustion Model Development and Evaluation 29 National Jet Fuels Combustion Program Area #5: Atomization Tests and Models 30 National Jet Fuels Combustion Program Area #6: Referee Swirl-Stabilized Combustor Evaluation/Support 31 Alternative Jet Fuels Test and Evaluation 32 Worldwide LCA of GHG Emissions from Petroleum Jet Fuel 33 Alternative Fuels Test Database Library 34 National Jet Fuels Combustion Program Area #7: Overall Program Integration and Analysis Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance A new vista for Green Fuels, Chemicals, & Environmentally Preferred Products Ralph Cavalieri Associate Vice-President for Alternative Energy Project Director Michael Wolcott Regents Professor Project Co-Director Washington State University Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance NARA Team Port of Seattle Commission Meeting June 28, 2016 in SeaTac, WA Alaska Airlines Montana State University University of Wisconsin- ANDRITZ National Center for Genome Research Extension Biomass ad Infinitum LLC National Renewable Energy Laboratory USDA Forest Products Catchlight Energy Oregon State University Laboratory CLH Penn State University USDA Forest Service Cosmo Specialty Fibers Inc. Salish Kootenai College Washington State Facing the Future South Hampton Resources Inc. University Forest Business Network Steadfast Management Inc. Western Washington LLC Thomas Spink Inc. University Gevan Marrs LLC University of Idaho Greenwood Resources Gevo, Inc. University of Minnesota Weyerhaeuser ICM University of Montana University of Utah University of Washington Economic Impact Port of Seattle Commission Meeting June 28, 2016 in SeaTac, WA Pathway to Commercial Reality Port of Seattle Commission Meeting June 28, 2016 in SeaTac, WA Current Process Design Current Status is FEL-1 (Preliminary Process Design) to FEL-2 (Detailed Process Design) Needs Optimization of Value Chain Refinement of Market and Equipment Costs Consideration for Comparison to Petroleum Petroleum fuel production does not account for green house gas production, only costs Petroleum fuel allowed to fully depreciate capital including drilling assets Petroleum fuels are lowest in value chain that includes petrochemicals Regional Supply Chain Analyses Port of Seattle Commission Meeting June 28, 2016 in SeaTac, WA Port of Seattle Commission Meeting June 28, 2016 in SeaTac, WA Making Alternative Jet Fuel is Complicated And It's Even More Complicated to Make Money! But it's Good for the Environment And Good For Local Economies Continue on the Pathway to Commercial Reality Continue to Focus on Supply Chains TAKE HOME LESSONS FROM NARA 1K-IPK Fuel Distribution and Demonstration Port of Seattle Commission Meeting June 28, 2016 in SeaTac, WA Fuel Certification Alternative Jet - ASTM D7566 Blending Conventional Jet ASTM D1655 Distribution to Wing Commercial Demonstration Flight Processing Partners Gevo Corp South Hampton Refining Blending Partner Alaska Airlines Port of Seattle Commission Meeting June 28, 2016 in SeaTac, WA Moving from Invention to Commercial Reality Forest Residue Collection and Preparation Envisioning Integrated Facilities and Siting SPORL / MBS Pretreatment Alcohol to Jet Demonstrating Feasibility with Supply Chain Implementation Partners Educating Citizens, Industry, Policy Makers Advancing Supply Chain Development THE ROLE OF NARA LEARN MORE ON THE WEB AT NARARENEWABLES.ORG Port of Seattle Commission Meeting June 28, 2016 in SeaTac, WA Creating a Market Port of Seattle's visible and tangible leadership sends clear message to potential alternative jet fuel producers and their financial backers that Sea-Tac is planning for the day that biojet will be available through the hydrant system for the aircraft that use the airport THE ROLE OF THE PORT OF SEATTLE
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