6b att 2
Attachment 2: GHG Emissions Quantification Methodologies The following table lists various sources of GHG emissions as well as potential quantification methodologies and mitigation options for each source. These emissions sources can be evaluated quantitatively or qualitatively to address greenhouse gas reduction strategies. Not all categories must be quantified or mitigated. GHG Emission Emissions Quantification Methodologies, Definition and Examples Potential Mitigation Options Sources Scope Tools, and Emission Factors* Owned mobile sources operating both TCR Efficient vehicles within the Proponent's facility and off- WRI/WBCSD Alternative fuel vehicles On-Road site Seattle Climate Partnership Site location Scope 1 Mobile Sources Ecology Video conferencing EIA URBEMIS Owned non-road mobile sources used for TCR Efficient vehicles construction, maintenance, and facility WRI/WBCSD Alternative fuel vehicles Non-Road operation (e.g. heavy machinery, Scope 1 Seattle Climate Partnership Site location Mobile Sources maintenance equipment, trains, and Ecology boats) URBEMIS On-site combustion emissions from TCR Building design and operation company-owned equipment (e.g. heat WRI/WBCSD Energy efficiencies Stationary and cooling) Scope 1 EPA Reporting Rule Combustion EIA URBEMIS Non-combustion emissions resulting from TCR Facility operation Industrial certain industrial processes EPA Reporting Rule Methane destruction Scope 1 Processes WRI/WBCSD High-global warming potential gas IPCC destruction Non-combustion emissions from owned TCR Facility operation Fugitive resources (e.g. landfill gases, natural gas EPA Reporting Rule Methane destruction Scope 1 Emissions transmission, electricity transmission, WRI/WBCSD High-global warming potential gas refrigeration, and air conditioning) IPCC destruction GHG Emission Emissions Quantification Methodologies, Definition and Examples Potential Mitigation Options Sources Scope Tools, and Emission Factors* Non-combustion emissions from WRI/WBCSD Methane destruction Agricultural agriculture (e.g. manure management, IPCC Waste reduction Scope 1 Emissions fertilizer application, enteric DOE 1605b Organic or low input agriculture fermentation, and soil preparation) CAR Emissions from land use changes and DOE 1605b Site design and location aquatic vegetation disturbance, including U.S Forest Service Low impact development Land Use lost sequestration from forest clearing Scope 1 WRI/WBCSD Change IPCC CAR Off-site emissions produced to generate TCR Building design and operation Purchased purchased electricity or steam EPA eGRID Energy efficiencies Electricity and Scope 2 Seattle Climate Partnership Steam EIA URBEMIS Combustion emissions from leased or TCR Efficient vehicles contractor on-road and non-road mobile WRI/WBCSD Alternative fuel vehicles Construction sources used as part of construction, Scope 3 Ecology Site Location including off-site haul trucks during URBEMIS construction Emissions produced in the mining, IPCC Sustainable building materials Extraction, harvest, processing, and transportation of EPA WARM Waste reduction Processing, and materials purchased for construction of Athena Reused building materials Transportation the project (e.g. cement, metals, plastics, Scope 3 NREL Alternative and renewable fuels of Construction wood) Low carbon shipping modes Materials Locally sourced materials Extraction, Emissions produced in the mining, TCR Sustainable building materials Processing, and harvest, processing, and transportation of WRI/WBCSD Waste reduction Transportation materials that will be used as feedstocks Scope 3 IPCC Reused building materials of Project by the project when operational EPA WARM Alternative and renewable fuels Feedstocks Athena Emissions From Emissions that will result from the TCR Energy efficiency investments the Future combustion of fossil fuels transported, WRI/WBCSD Alternative and renewable fuels Scope 3 Combustion of distributed or imported as a result of the EPA Reporting Rule Fossil Fuels project (e.g. natural gas pipeline) GHG Emission Emissions Quantification Methodologies, Definition and Examples Potential Mitigation Options Sources Scope Tools, and Emission Factors* Combustion emissions from employee TCR Efficient and alternative fueled commuting both during project CTR vehicles and infrastructure Employee construction and operation Seattle Climate Partnership Site location Scope 3 Commute URBEMIS Public transit infrastructure and Fehr & Peers incentives Bike/ped accessibility Mobile emissions from vehicle trips and TCR Efficient and alternative fueled traffic pattern changes that result from a WRI/WBCSD vehicles Other Mobile project (e.g. changes in traffic pattern, Seattle Climate Partnership Site location Scope 3 Emissions customer vehicle emissions, increased Ecology Public transit infrastructure and commute distances, and emergency URBEMIS incentives services) Fehr & Peers Bike/ped accessibility Combustion and fugitive emissions TCR Low impact development Water Use and created to provide water and dispose of WRI/WBCSD Site location Wastewater Scope 3 wastewater (e.g. pumping energy and IPCC Methane destruction Disposal POTW fugitive methane) Reuse water Emissions from off-site solid waste TCR Waste reduction disposal of construction, agriculture, and WRI/WBCSD Methane destruction Waste MSW, including transportation of waste IPCC Low carbon transportation and fugitive emissions from disposal Scope 3 Management CAR Seattle Climate Partnership EPA WARM Emissions that result from the use and EPA WARM disposal of products generated for sale by TCR Product Use the project, including combustion of fuels Scope 3 WRI/WBCSD manufactured or distributed by the Seattle Climate Partnership proposed facility *The following list is illustrative showing some good sources for quantification tools, protocols, and emissions factors that can be used to quantitatively assess emissions from each of these sources. It is not meant to be exhaustive. We are not advocating the use of these methodologies for determining acceptable error rates for assessing emissions. Tools in italics are simple models that can be used to estimate the magnitude of future emissions. These are general examples of mitigation options for various emissions sources. This list is not meant to be comprehensive. Quantification Methodologies, Tools, and Emissions Factors The Climate Registry (TCR) - http://www.theclimateregistry.org/ World Resources Institute/World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WRI/WBCSD) - http://www.ghgprotocol.org/ Seattle Climate Partnership - http://seattleclimatepartnership.org/tools/index.html#tool Ecology Mobile Source Tool (Ecology) - http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/air/pdfs/ghgfleetcalculator.xls EPA Reporting Rule - http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html IPCC Emissions Factor Database (IPCC) - http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/main.php The Climate Action Reserve (CAR) - http://www.climateactionreserve.org EPA WARM Model - http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/calculators/Warm_home.html Department of Commerce GHG Emissions Planning Tools (Commerce) - http://www.commerce.wa.gov/site/1277/default.aspx WSDOT Commute Trip Reduction Program (CTR) - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/TDM/CTR U.S Department of Energy 1605b (DOE 1605b) - http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/reporting_tools.html U.S Forest Service Carbon Lookup Tables (U.S Forest Service) - http://nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/8192 URBEMIS - http://www.urbemis.com/ Energy Information Agency End Use Consumption Data (EIA) - http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/consumption/index.html Athena Institute EcoCalculator (Athena) - http://www.athenasmi.org/index.html National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Life-cycle Inventory Database - http://www.nrel.gov/lci/ Fehr & Peers VMT spreadsheets - http://coolconnections.org/solutions/
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