PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00                                   Item No. 10b  attach 1
Meeting Date: April 26, 2022
H2@ SCALE PROGRAM 
COOPERATIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT
(hereinafter "CRADA") 
NO. 554/2018.00
AMONG 
Battelle Memorial Institute, 
Operator of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 
under its U.S. Department of Energy Contract No.DE-AC05-76RL01830 
AND 
National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC 
(a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc.) 
As Operator of Sandia National Laboratories 
under its U.S. Department of Energy Contract 
No. DE-NA0003525 
(hereinafter "NTESS" or "SNL")
(hereinafter being jointly referred to as "Contractors" or individually as "Contractor")
AND 
Seattle City Light (SCL)
700 5th Ave Ste 3200 
Seattle, WA 98104 
AND 
Port of Seattle (Port) 
PO Box 1209, 2711 Alaskan Way 
Seattle, WA 98111 
(hereinafter "Participants")
(hereinafter Contractors and Participants are jointly referred to as the "Parties" 
or individually as a "Party")
Large-scale Hydrogen Storage  Risk Assessment Seattle City Light and Port of Seattle 
ARTICLE I: DEFINITIONS 
A. "Government" means the United States of America and agencies thereof.
B. "DOE" means the Department of Energy, an agency of the United States ofAmerica.

PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

C.  "Contracting Officer" means the DOE employee administering the Contractor's DOE
contract. 
D. "Generated Information" means information produced in the performance of this CRADA. 
E.  "Proprietary Information" means information which is developed at private expense outside
of this CRADA, is marked as Proprietary Information, and embodies (i) trade secrets or (ii)
commercial or financial information which is considered privileged or confidential under the
Freedom of Information Act (5 USC 552 (b)(4)). 
F.  "Protected CRADA Information" means Generated Information which is marked as being
Protected CRADA Information by a Party to this CRADA and which would have been
Proprietary Information had it been obtained from a non-federal entity. 
G. "Subject Invention" means any invention of the Contractor or Participant conceived of or 
first actually reduced to practice in the performance of work under this CRADA. 
H. "Intellectual Property" means patents, trademarks, copyrights, mask works, Protected
CRADA Information and other forms of comparable property rights protected by Federal 
law and other foreign counterparts. 
I.   "Background Intellectual Property" means the Intellectual Property, if any, identified by
the Parties in an Annex titled "Background Intellectual Property", which was inexistence
prior to or is first produced outside of this CRADA, except that in the case of inventions in those
identified items, the inventions must have been conceived outside of this CRADA and not first
actually reduced to practice under this CRADA to qualify as Background Intellectual Property. 
ARTICLE II: STATEMENT OF WORK, TERM, FUNDING AND COSTS 
A. Annex A is the Statement of Work. 
B.  Notices: The names, postal addresses, telephone and email addresses for the Parties are
provided in the Statement of Work. Any communications required by this CRADA, if given
by postage prepaid first class U.S. Mail or other verifiable means addressed to the Party to
receive the communication, shall be deemed made as of the day of receipt of such
communication by the addressee, or on the date given if by email. Address changes shall be
made by written notice and shall be effective thereafter. All such communications, to be
considered effective, shall include the number of this CRADA. 
C.  The effective date of this CRADA shall be the latter date of (1) the date on which it is signed
by the last of the Parties or (2) the date on which it is approved by DOE. The work to be
performed under this CRADA shall be completed within twenty-four months from the
effective date. 
D. The Participants' estimated contribution is $330,000.00 USD, which includes $220,000 inkind
and $110,000.00 funds-in contributions and is reflected below. The Government's
estimated contribution, which is provided through Contractors' contracts with DOE, is 
$770,000.00 USD, subject to available funding, and is comprised of the following

PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

individual Contractor contributions: $400,000.00 USD to Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory; $370,000.00 USD to Sandia National Laboratory. 
Seattle City Light - $110,000 In-Kind and $75,000 Funds-In 
Port of Seattle - $110,000 In-Kind and $35,000 Funds-In 
E.  The Participants shall provide the Contractor (PNNL) with advanced funds as described
below within thirty (30) days of receiving an invoice from the Contractor. The remaining
funds shall be provided by the end of the first year with receipt of invoice from the
Contractor. 
Seattle City Light - $75,000 total; $37,500 partial advance at execution of the CRADA 
Port of Seattle - $35,000 total; $17,500 partial advance at execution of the CRADA 
Failure of the Participant to provide the necessary advance funding in the timeframe set forth
herein is cause for termination of the CRADA. 
F.  No Party shall have an obligation to continue or complete performance of its work at a
contribution in excess of its estimated contribution as contained in Article II.D., above,
including any subsequent amendment. 
ARTICLE III: PERSONAL PROPERTY 
All tangible personal property produced or acquired under this CRADA shall become the
property of the Participant or the Government, depending upon whose funds were used to
obtain it unless identified in the Statement of Work as being owned by the other Party. 
Personal property shall be disposed of as directed by the owner at the owner's expense. 
All jointly funded property shall be owned by the Government. The Participant shall maintain
records of receipts, expenditures, and the disposition of all Government property in its custody
related to the CRADA. 
ARTICLE IV: DISCLAIMER 
THE GOVERNMENT, THE PARTICIPANTS, AND THE CONTRACTORS MAKE NO
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY AS TO THE CONDITIONS OF THE RESEARCH OR
ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, GENERATED INFORMATION, OR PRODUCT MADE
OR DEVELOPED UNDER THIS CRADA, OR THE OWNERSHIP, MERCHANTABILITY
OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH OR RESULTING
PRODUCT. NEITHER THE GOVERNMENT, THE PARTICIPANTS, NOR THE
CONTRACTORS SHALL BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES ATTRIBUTED TO SUCH RESEARCH OR RESULTING
PRODUCT, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, GENERATED INFORMATION, OR PRODUCT
MADE OR DEVELOPED UNDER THIS CRADA. 
ARTICLE V: PRODUCT LIABILITY 
Except for any liability resulting from any negligent acts, or willful misconduct or omissions of
Contractors or Government, Participant agrees to hold harmless the Government and the
Contractors for all damages, cost and expenses, including attorney's fees, arising from personal
injury or property damage as a result of the making, using, or selling of a product, process or

PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

service by or on behalf of the Participant, its assignees or licensees, which was derived from the
work performed under this CRADA. 
ARTICLE VI: RIGHTS TO SUBJECT INVENTIONS 
Wherein DOE has granted the Participants and the Contractors the right to elect to retain
title to their respective Subject Inventions. 
A.  Each Party shall have the first option to elect to retain title to any of its Subject Inventions
and that election shall be made: (1) for the Participant, within 12 months of disclosure of
the Subject Invention to DOE or (2) for the Contractor, within the time period specified
in its prime contract for electing to retain title to Subject Inventions. However, such election
shall occur not later than 60 days prior to the time when any statutory bar might foreclose
filing of a U.S. Patent application. The electing Party has one year to file a patent
application after such election unless any statutory bar exists. If a Party elects not to retain
title to any of its Subject Inventions or fails to timely file a patent application, the other
Party shall have the second option to elect to obtain title to such Subject Invention within
one year of notification and file a patent application within one year after such election, or
no less than 30 days prior to a statutory bar, if any. For Subject Inventions that are joint
Subject Inventions of the Contractor and the Participant, title to such Subject Inventions
shall be jointly owned by the Contractor and the Participant. 
B.  The Parties agree to assign to DOE, as requested by DOE, the entire right, title and interest in
any country to each Subject Invention where the Parties (1) do not elect pursuant to this
article to retain/obtain such rights, or (2) elect to retain/obtain title to a Subject Invention but
fail to have a patent application filed in that country on the Subject Invention or decide not to
continue prosecution or not to pay any maintenance fees covering the Subject Invention. If
DOE is granted a patent on Participant's Subject Invention, the Participant may request a 
non-exclusive license and DOE will determine whether to grant such license pursuant to 
statutory authority. 
C.  The Parties acknowledge that the Government retains a nonexclusive, nontransferable,
irrevocable, paid-up license to practice or to have practiced for or on behalf of the United
States every Subject Invention under this CRADA throughout the world. The Parties agree to
execute a Confirmatory License to affirm the Government's retained license. 
D.  The Parties agree to disclose to each other each Subject Invention which may be patentable
or otherwise protectable under U.S. patent law. The Parties agree that the Contractors and 
the Participants will disclose their respective Subject Inventions to DOE and each other
within two (2) months after the inventor first discloses the Subject Invention in writing to
the person(s) responsible for patent matters of the disclosing Party. 
These disclosures should be in sufficiently complete technical detail to convey a clear
understanding, to the extent known at the time of the disclosure, of the nature, purpose,
and operation of the Subject Invention. The disclosure shall also identify any known
actual or potential statutory bars, e.g., printed publications describing the Subject
Invention or the public use or "on sale" of the Subject Invention. The Parties further

PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

agree to disclose to each other any subsequently known actual or potential statutory bar
that occurs for a Subject Invention disclosed but for which a patent application has not
been filed. All Subject Invention disclosures shall be marked as confidential under 35 
U.S.C. 205. 
E.  The Parties agree to include within the beginning of the specification of any U.S. patent
applications and any patent issuing thereon (including non-U.S. patents) covering a
Subject Invention, the following statement: "This invention was made under a CRADA
(identify CRADA number) between (name the Participant) and (name the laboratory)
operated for the United States Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights
in this invention." 
F.  The Parties acknowledge that DOE has certain march-in rights to any Subject Inventions in
accordance with 48 CFR 27.304-1(g) and 15 U.S.C. 3710a(b)(1)(B) and (C). 
G.   For each Subject Invention of the Contractor, the Participants have the option for six (6)
months from the date that the Subject Invention was disclosed to the Participant to negotiate
up to an exclusive license, in a defined field of use on agreed-upon reasonable terms and
conditions, including the payment of negotiated license fees and royalties. 
ARTICLE VII: RIGHTS IN DATA 
A.   The Parties agree that they shall have no obligations of nondisclosure or limitations on
their use of, and the Government shall have unlimited rights in, all Generated Information
produced and information provided by the Parties under this CRADA, except for
restrictions and copyright on data provided for in this Article or data disclosed in a
Subject Invention disclosure being considered for Patent protection. 
B.   PROPRIETARY INFORMATION: Each Party agrees to not disclose Proprietary
Information provided by the other Party to anyone other than the Participants, Contractors 
and its subcontractors (if any) performing work under this CRADA without written
approval of the providing Party, except to Government employees who are subject to the
statutory provisions against disclosure of confidential information set forth in the Trade
Secrets Act (18 U.S.C. 1905). Government employees shall not be required to sign nondisclosure
agreements due to the provisions of the above-cited statute. 
If Proprietary Information is orally disclosed to a Party, it shall be identified as such, orally,
at the time of disclosure and confirmed in a written summary thereof, appropriately marked
by the disclosing Party, within ten (10) days as being Proprietary Information. 
All Proprietary Information shall be protected for a period of five (5) years from the 
effective date of this CRADA, unless such Proprietary Information becomes publicly known
without the fault of the recipient, shall come into recipient's possession without breach by
the recipient of any of the obligations set forth herein, can be demonstrated by the recipient
by written record that it is known prior to receipt from disclosing party, is disclosed by
operation of law, or is independently developed by recipient's employees who did not have
access to such Proprietary Information.

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Proprietary Information in tangible form shall be returned to the disclosing Party or
destroyed with a certificate of destruction submitted to the disclosing Party upon termination
or expiration of this CRADA, or during the term of this CRADA upon request by the
disclosing Party. Notwithstanding the foregoing destruction of copies shall not extend to
archival copies maintained in computer system backup files, permanent business records, or
as may otherwise be required by receiving Party's internal document retention policies. 
C.   PROTECTED CRADA INFORMATION: Each Party may designate and mark as Protected
CRADA Information any Generated Information produced by its employees, which meets
the definition in Article I and, with the agreement of the other Party, so designate any
Generated Information produced by the other Party's employees which meets the definition
in Article I. All such designated Protected CRADA Information shall be appropriately
marked. 
For a period of five (5) years from the date Protected CRADA Information is produced, the
Parties agree not to further disclose such information and to use the same degree of care and
discretion, but no less than reasonable care and discretion, to avoid disclosure, publication or
dissemination of such information to a third party, as the Party employs for similar protection
of its own information which it does not desire to disclose, publish, or disseminate except: 
(1)    as necessary to perform this CRADA; 
(2)    as published in a patent application or an issued patent before the protection
period expires; 
(3)    as provided in Article X [REPORTS AND ABSTRACTS]; 
(4)     as requested by the DOE Contracting Officer to be provided to other DOE facilities for 
use only at those DOE facilities solely for Government use only with the same protection in
place and marked accordingly. 
(5)     to existing or potential licensees, affiliates, customers, or suppliers of the Parties in
support of commercialization of the technology with the same protection in place.
Disclosure of the Participant's Protected CRADA Information under this subparagraph shall
only be done with the Participant's consent; or 
(6)    as mutually agreed to by the Parties in advance. 
The obligations of this paragraph shall end sooner for any Protected CRADA Information
which shall become publicly known without fault of either Party, shall come into a Party's
possession without breach by that Party of the obligations of paragraph above, or shall be
independently developed by a Party's employees who did not have access to the Protected
CRADA Information. Federal Government employees who are subject to 18 USC 1905 may
have access to Protected CRADA Information and shall not be required to sign nondisclosure
agreements due to the provisions of the statute. 
D.   COPYRIGHT: The Parties may assert copyright in any of their respective Generated
Information. Copyrights in co-authored works by employees of the Parties shall be



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held jointly, and use by either Party shall be without accounting. 
The Parties hereby acknowledge that the Government or others acting on its behalf shall
retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free, worldwide, irrevocable, non-transferable license to
reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and
display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government, all copyrightable works produced in the
performance of this CRADA, subject to the restrictions this CRADA places on publication of
Proprietary Information and Protected CRADA Information. 
When a Party writes computer software produced in the performance of this CRADA, the
Party will provide the source code, object code, and expanded abstract, and the minimum
support documentation needed by a competent user to understand and use the software to
DOE's Energy Science and Technology Software Center (ESTSC) via www.osti.gov/estsc. 
The Party shall inform ESTSC when it abandons or no longer commercializes the computer
software. Until such notice to ESTSC, the Government has for itself and others acting on its
behalf, a royalty-free, nontransferable, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide copyright
license to reproduce, prepare derivative works, and perform publicly and display publicly, by
or on behalf of the Government (narrow license) After the Party owning the Computer 
Software abandons or no longer commercializes the Computer Software, the Government has
for itself and others acting on its behalf, a royalty-free, nontransferable, nonexclusive,
irrevocable worldwide copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute
copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the
Government. (broad license) 
The Parties agree to place Copyright and other notices, as appropriate for the protection of
Copyright, in human-readable form onto all physical media, and in digitally encoded form
in the header of machine-readable information recorded on such media such that the notice
will appear in human-readable form when the digital data are off loaded or the data are
accessed for display or printout. 
ARTICLE VIII: U.S. COMPETITIVENESS 
The Parties agree that a purpose of this CRADA is to provide substantial benefit to the U.S.
economy. 
A. In exchange for the benefits received under this CRADA, the Participant therefore agrees to
the following: 
1.   Products embodying Intellectual Property developed under this CRADA shall be
substantially manufactured in the United States, and 
2.   Processes, services, and improvements thereof which are covered by Intellectual
Property developed under this CRADA shall be incorporated into the Participant's
manufacturing facilities in the United States either prior to or simultaneously with
implementation outside the United States. Such processes, services, and
improvements, when implemented outside the United States, shall not result in
reduction of the use of the same processes, services, or improvements in the United
States.

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B.  The Contractors agrees to a U.S. Industrial Competitiveness clause in accordance with its
prime contract with respect to any licensing and assignments of its Intellectual Property
arising from this CRADA, except that any licensing or assignment of its intellectual property
rights to the Participant shall be in accordance with the terms of paragraph A of this Article. 
ARTICLE IX: EXPORT CONTROL 
EACH PARTY IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS OWN COMPLIANCE WITH EXPORT
CONTROL LAWS AND REGULATIONS. EXPORT LICENSES OR OTHER
AUTHORIZATIONS FROM THE U.S. GOVERNMENT MAY BE REQUIRED FOR THE
EXPORT OF GOODS, TECHNICAL DATA OR SERVICES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT.
THE PARTIES ACKNOWLEDGE THAT EXPORT CONTROL REQUIREMENTS MAY
CHANGE AND THAT THE EXPORT OF GOODS, TECHNICAL DATA OR SERVICES
FROM THE U.S. WITHOUT AN EXPORT LICENSE OR OTHER APPROPRIATE
GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORIZATION MAY RESULT IN CRIMINAL LIABILITY. 
ARTICLE X: REPORTS AND ABSTRACTS 
The Parties agree to produce the following deliverables: an initial abstract suitable for public
release; and a final report, to include a list of Subject Inventions. It is understood that the
Contractors have the responsibility to provide this information at the time of its completion to
the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information. The Participants agree to provide the
above information to the Contractors to enable full compliance with this Article. 
The Parties agree to submit, for a period of five years from the expiration of this CRADA and,
upon request of DOE, a non-proprietary report no more frequently than annually on the efforts to
utilize any Intellectual Property arising under the CRADA. 
The Parties agree that neither will use the name of the other Party or its employees in any
promotional activity, such as advertisements, with reference to any product or service resulting
from this CRADA, without prior written approval of the other Party. 
ARTICLE XI: FORCE MAJEURE 
No failure or omission by the Contractors or the Participants in the performance of any
obligation under this CRADA shall be deemed a breach of this CRADA or create any
liability if the same shall arise from any cause or causes beyond the control of the
Contractors or the Participants, including but not limited to the following, which, for the
purpose of this CRADA, shall be regarded as beyond the control of the Party in question:
Acts of God, acts or omissions of any government or agency thereof, compliance with
requirements, rules, regulations, or orders of any governmental authority or any office,
department, agency, or instrumentality thereof, fire, storm, flood, earthquake, accident,
acts of the public enemy, war, rebellion, insurrection, riot, sabotage, invasion, quarantine,
restriction, transportation embargoes, or failures or delays in transportation.

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ARTICLE XII: DISPUTES 
The Parties shall attempt to jointly resolve all disputes arising from this CRADA. In the event a
dispute arises under this CRADA, the Participant is encouraged to contact Contractor's
Technology Partnership Ombudsman in order to further resolve such dispute before pursuing
third- party mediation or other remedies. If the Parties are unable to jointly resolve a dispute
within a reasonable period of time, they agree to submit the dispute to a third-party mediation
process that is mutually agreed upon by the Parties. To the extent that there is no applicable U.S.
Federal law, this CRADA and performance thereunder shall be governed by the laws of a court
of competent jurisdiction 
ARTICLE XIII: ENTIRE CRADA, MODIFICATIONS AND TERMINATION 
This CRADA with its annexes contains the entire agreement between the Parties in performing
the research described in the Statement of Work (Annex A) and becomes effective on the later
date of either the date the last Party signs the document or receipt of advance funding, if any.
Any agreement to materially change any terms or conditions of the CRADA and annexes shall
be valid only if the change is made in writing, executed by the Parties hereto, and approved by
DOE. 
The Contractors enter into this CRADA under the authority of its prime contract with DOE.
The Contractors are authorized to and will administer this CRADA in all respects unless
otherwise specifically provided for herein. Administration of this CRADA may be transferred
from the Contractors to DOE or its designee with notice of such transfer to the Participants,
and the Contractors shall have no further responsibilities except for the confidentiality, use
and/or nondisclosure obligations of this CRADA. 
This CRADA may be terminated by either Party with thirty (30) days written notice to the other
Party. If Article II provides for advance funding, this CRADA may also be terminated by the
Contractors in the event of failure by the Participant to provide the necessary advance funding. 
Each Party will be responsible for its own costs arising out of or as a result of this termination.
The obligations of any clause of this CRADA that were intended to survive the expiration of the
period of performance, for example, confidentiality, use and/or non-disclosure obligations, shall
also survive any termination of this CRADA. 
ARTICLE XIV: BACKGROUND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 
Each Party may use the other Party's Background Intellectual Property identified in an Annex to
this CRADA solely in performance of research under the Statement of Work. This CRADA
does not grant to either Party any option, grant, or license to commercialize, or otherwise use the
other Party's Background Intellectual Property outside of the CRADA. Licensing of Background
Intellectual Property, if agreed to by the Parties, shall be the subject of separate licensing
agreements between the Parties. Each Party has used reasonable efforts to list all relevant
Background Intellectual Property, but Background Intellectual Property may exist that is not
identified. Neither Party shall be liable to the other Party because of failure to list Background
Intellectual Property.

PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

This Agreement may be signed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an
original, and all of which taken together shall be deemed one and the same instrument. 
FOR CONTRACTOR: 
(Battelle Memorial Institute) 

BY        Jud Virden

SIGNATURE

TITLE     Associate Laboratory Director

DATE

PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

This Agreement may be signed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an
original, and all of which taken together shall be deemed one and the same instrument. 
FOR CONTRACTOR: 
(National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC) 

BY  Mary Monson

SIGNATURE

TITLE Sr Manager, Technology Partnerships & Business Development 

DATE

PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

This Agreement may be signed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an
original, and all of which taken together shall be deemed one and the same instrument. 

FOR PARTICIPANT: 
(Seattle City Light) 

BY 

SIGNATURE

TITLE  

DATE

PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

This Agreement may be signed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an
original, and all of which taken together shall be deemed one and the same instrument. 

FOR PARTICIPANT: 
(Port of Seattle) 

BY 

SIGNATURE

TITLE 

DATE

ANNEX A/PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

ANNEX A - STATEMENT OF WORK (SOW) 
For CRADA No. PNNL/554 
between 
BATTELLE 
As operator of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ("PNNL") 
Under its U.S. Department of Energy Contract 
No. DE-AC05-76RL01830 (hereinafter "Battelle" or "Contractor") 
And 
National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC 
(a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc.) 
As Operator of Sandia National Laboratories 
under its U.S. Department of Energy Contract 
No. DE-NA0003525 
(hereinafter "NTESS" or "SNL") 
And 
Seattle City Light (SCL) 
And 
Port of Seattle (Port) 

Large-scale Hydrogen Storage  Risk Assessment Seattle City Light and Port of Seattle 
I.  PURPOSE 
This CRADA presents the strategy that Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Sandia
National Laboratories (SNL) will take to support Seattle City Light (SCL), and the Port of Seattle
(Port) in performing a risk assessment of large-scale hydrogen storage. Risk assessment is often used
to ensure that adequate measures are taken to protect workers and the public, the environment,
infrastructure, and assets. A detailed risk assessment can also be used to direct funding and upgrades,
to specific components and sub-systems in order to mitigate risks to the larger system. In this way
risk assessments are often employed as a part of a larger risk management strategy, with the goal of
minimizing the occurrence of hazards and to identify means to limit their consequences. 
Risk assessment is often used to engage and inform regulators, and to communicate how specific
regulations are being met. However, it is important to note that the proposed work is not intended for
SCL and the Port to use in order to gain regulatory acceptance for their proposed activities. The work
performed as a part of this effort will be a preliminary risk assessment for early-stage component and
system designs and should be considered research and development (R&D). As such, the proposed
work will be performed to a quality level and design maturity consistent with R&D and is not
considered appropriate for final safety analysis and regulatory compliance purposes. 
1

ANNEX A/PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

Previous and on-going work at SCL and the Port demonstrated the utility of deploying hydrogen
systems at the Port. The deployment of hydrogen at the Port is a part of a larger vision of using
hydrogen to address a range of issues for SCL and the Port. These include large-scale fueling of
MD/HD vehicles, cargo-handling equipment (CHE), and harbor vessels to reduce emissions; support
of adjacent LD vehicles; support of critical port operations during extreme events (i.e., resiliency);
deferral of more capital- and time-intensive electrical distribution system upgrades while still
supporting evolving port operations and decarbonization efforts; facilitating electrification by
establishing energy storage as a grid resource, starting at strategic port locations; creation of a flexible
market resource that can be used by SCL to generate revenue via arbitrage; support of planned future
maritime operations that involve heavy use of hydrogen for ocean-going vessels; and future end-use
applications involving natural gas pipeline hydrogen injection. Ultimately, the success of these
activities is underpinned by the deployed storage capacity. Large-scale deployment of hydrogen
systems will require hydrogen storage at a scale that has not been demonstrated. In addition, the ideal
location for such multi-use systems is near the end user which will often necessitate deploying into
urban and/or industrial areas. 
A detailed risk assessment using the Port as a test case is necessary to ensure the deployment of largescale
hydrogen is successful. Many technologies have been proposed for hydrogen storage; however,
these technologies need to be analyzed as they apply to an actual site. The physical infrastructure and
hydrogen use cases for the Port will be analyzed, and a risk assessment for compressed hydrogen,
liquified hydrogen, and Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) storage will be performed. These
risk assessments will be useful for understanding how each of these technologies would perform in
terms of facility and public safety. The operating states of the proposed hydrogen systems at the Port
will be analyzed and incorporated into the storage risk assessment. Scalability will also be analyzed
to understand how future port uses would affect the overall risk assessment. Finally, using the risk
assessment as a tool to inform engagement and to gain stakeholder acceptance will be explored. 
Benefit to PNNL/SNL/DOE 
The results of this CRADA, and an impact of the DOE funding, will facilitate the consideration of 
hydrogen as a key fuel in the Port's and SCL's energy infrastructure plans and may accelerate by
several years the adoption of hydrogen, fuel cells, and other low/no-carbon technologies in SCL's
service territory. This risk analysis will be a key resource for future planning and can be used to guide
other large scale hydrogen deployments. 
Benefit to CRADA Participant 
This project will accelerate the Port and SCL's consideration of hydrogen for energy storage and port
operations by performing a large-scale hydrogen storage risk assessment. The four key areas for this
project are: 
1) Risk assessment of various large-scale storage options of hydrogen, relevant to urban and
industrial areas. This will be the primary task of this work. The risk assessment will focus on
applying well-developed hydrogen risk assessment methods (e.g. HyRAM, Hazards Analysis,
Threat & Vulnerability Assessment, etc.) to large-scale hydrogen storage, production, and
compression. Three hydrogen storage technologies (compressed hydrogen, liquified hydrogen,
and liquid organic hydrogen carriersLOHC) will be analyzed, and the Port will be used as a
test case. This assessment is key for obtaining industry, public and City support for large-scale
H2 use and storage. 
2

ANNEX A/PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

2) The near-term hydrogen uses under consideration by SCL and the Port include vehicle and
harbor vessel fueling, energy storage, power generation, arbitrage, and resiliency of port
operations. These operation modes will be analyzed to determine how they might affect the
storage risk assessment. This includes the effects of storage system cycling (i.e. multiple
discharges  and  recharges  of  hydrogen).  We  will  assess  the  risk  posed  by  hydrogen
infrastructure development, both physical and cyber, to the local electric grid and make
recommendations on safety as well as cyber security requirements. 
3) Hydrogen use for future port needs beyond the scope identified in tasks one and two will be
analyzed. This includes fueling of ships, natural gas pipeline injection, etc. These activities
require very large amounts of hydrogen. This analysis will investigate the scalability of the risk
assessment, to very large-scale hydrogen storage. 
4) Local stakeholder acceptance of large-scale hydrogen will be key for any deployment. This
task will examine how the risk assessment may be used for stakeholder engagement. 
In addition to applying existing risk assessment methodologies for hydrogen storage risk, this study
will examine the very large-scale storage necessitated by port operations and grid scale deployment
of hydrogen systems. Various hydrogen storage forms will be analyzed for large-scale urban and
industrial deployment. This includes compressed hydrogen, liquified hydrogen, and liquid organic
hydrogen carriers (LOHC) such as formic acid, ammonia, and methanol. Each method will have
different storage requirements; thus, the risk analysis may be substantially different for each. In
addition, the risk analysis may identify what hydrogen storage form is appropriate for a wide range
of capacities and applications. The successful completion of the work described in this document
will accelerate the use of hydrogen at the Port. 
Benefit to US Taxpayer 
SCL is a municipal utility and the Port of Seattle is a port facility. This risk analysis will be a key
resource for future planning and can be used to guide other large scale hydrogen deployments, 
directly benefiting the taxpayers serviced by SCL and the Port. In addition, the deployment of
hydrogen technology will reduce emissions around the port. 

II. APPROACH 
PNNL, SNL SCL, and the Port will execute the project over two years to attain the benefits previously
described. The project work is divided into five tasks. Task 1 will perform a risk assessment for three
hydrogen storage technologies and the generation and compression infrastructure necessary to
support them. Task 2 examines the various operating states proposed for the hydrogen deployed atthe
Port and examines how these might affect the storage risk assessment. Task 3 examines the scalability
of the risk assessment for future uses by the Port and SCL. Task 4 will perform a cybersecurity risk
assessment. Task 5 will investigate how the risk assessment can be used to gain stakeholder support
for deployed large-scale hydrogen. Successful completion of this project will be a major proof of
concept of foundational building blocks that will allow SCL and the Port to accelerate their plans and
provide a template for others to use hydrogen at scale. 
Task 1: Large-scale Hydrogen Risk Assessment 
Multiple technologies exist for large-scale hydrogen storage. Three that are of interest to this study
are compressed hydrogen, liquified hydrogen, and LOHC. We propose to perform a preliminary risk

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ANNEX A/PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

assessment of these three storage technologies and the accompanying generation and compression
infrastructure, as it applies to storage at the Port. 
It is anticipated that the stored hydrogen would be utilized for port operations and other tasks. For
example, a 25MW electrolyzer can produce approximately 10 mt H2 per day (assuming 90%
utilization and 65% system efficiency). It is estimated that this could be used to fill approximately
200 drayage trucks per day. The system under consideration will likely be used for multiple
functions, though. If the system was used to store 30 mt, it could be used to generate 60MWh of
electricity (assuming 60% efficiency). This could be used by the Port for emergency backup power,
or for energy storage by SCL. These are just a small subset of the proposed uses for hydrogen at the
Port. As discussed herein, the opportunity for hydrogen d eployed at a port will likely require
significantly more hydrogen than this. The risk assessment will also investigate the many uses for
hydrogen at the port, beyond an initial deployment. In the future, many hydrogen nodes may be
deployed across the port area to meet all the demand. Initial discussions have estimated greater than
80mt storage may be needed. This risk assessment will investigate the array of options including 
multiple nodes, generation technology, storage, power production, fueling, etc. 
The Port will serve as a test case for this risk assessment methodology, in that port infrastructure and
site-specific characteristics will be included for multiple sites across the port complex. Port
operations may introduce safety issues that are not always present in a public fueling station and have
different requirements because they are not accessible to the public. This work is necessary because
it will provide much needed information concerning risk assessment of large-scale storage in urban
and industrial areas. This work will use the Hydrogen Risk Assessment Model (HYRAM) developed
by SNL. The HyRAM toolkit integrates deterministic and probabilistic models for quantifying
accident scenarios, predicting physical effects, and characterizing hydrogen hazards' impact on
people and structures. HyRAM incorporates generic probabilities for equipment failures and
probabilistic models for heat-flux impact on humans and structures, with computationally and
experimentally validated models of hydrogen release and flame physics. 
Task 2: Operational Considerations for Storage Risk Assessment 
One of the advantages to the deployment of a modular hydrogen system at the Port is that it provides
the infrastructure necessary to address other infrastructure challenges in the area. This includes
vehicle fueling, power storage and generation, arbitrage, transmission upgrade deferment, and port
resiliency. However, using hydrogen for this wide variety of applications may introduce risks that
are not accounted for in existing risk assessments. The total storage capacity necessary for all these
operating states must be understood. Also, the wide variety of operating states may introduce high
cyclic loading on the storage system. This task will assess the impact of operational modes and their
interactions on the storage technologies listed above. 
Task 3: Risk Assessment Scalability for Future Port Needs 
Port operations include cruise terminal operations, grain terminal, fishing fleet, marinas, and all the
port-owned equipment, as well as operations associated with the Northwest Seaport Alliance
(NWSA) which manages cargo operations, (container, breakbulk, auto and bulk) in both the Port of
Tacoma (aka South Harbor) and Port of Seattle (aka North Harbor). The work in this proposal focuses
on the Port of Seattle. 

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ANNEX A/PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

The use-cases currently being examined by SCL and the Port include normal and abnormal
operations. The hydrogen storage capacity utilized in Tasks 1 and 2 will be sized for: 
1) Fueling of class 8 drayage trucks 
2) Support of electrical load shifting to minimize peak feeder loading, deferring the need for
infrastructure upgrades, particularly in areas with significant challenges for upgrades. 
3) Support of electrical arbitrage to maximize revenue generation 
4) Port resiliency of operations 
Future uses of hydrogen by the Port and SCL include fueling of a significant portion of the existing
drayage fleet, rail vehicles, ocean-going vessels, harbor vessels (such as tugboats, ferries, water taxis,
and commercial fishing vessels) and rail. To accomplish this, it is estimated that converting all
equipment at the Port to hydrogen would require over 8 million kg of H2/year. In addition, other
novel concepts such as converting all port material handling equipment to hydrogen, supplying
nearby cement and steel manufacturing, and natural gas pipeline injection are also under
consideration. All of these concepts will require a major expansion of hydrogen storage capacity. 
This task will examine the scalability of the risk assessment performed in Tasks 1 and 2 to the very
large-scale storage concepts under consideration by the Port and SCL. This effort will examine the
three storage technologies discussed above and will utilize the same risk assessment methodologies
as used in Task 1 to evaluate their scalability. 
Task 4: Cyber security risk assessment 
Cybersecurity is as strong as the weakest link. PNNL will use their cutting-edge cyber security
capabilities to assess vulnerabilities associated with the envisioned the Port hydrogen infrastructure
and make recommendations for what cybersecurity measures should be used. Specifically, we will
use PNNL's Proactive Adaptive Cybersecurity for Control (PACiFiC). PACiFiC delivers five
technologies that work independently or in combination to sense, alert, determine threats, defend,
create deceptions, or isolate systems to prevent access (https://www.pnnl.gov/projects/pacific-
cyber). It is designed for use for grid and energy storage that connects to the grid. The five
technologies include: Cyber Isolets (prevents attackers from jumping between applications), Shadow
Figment (patent pending deception platform which deploys decoys that mimic real devices), Threat
Model-based Response (machine learning-based approach to malware triage allowing for continuous
improvement), and Unified Operating Picture (an "intelligent dashboard" baseline profile that
presents expected behavior of an industrial control system. This baseline enables defenders to
observe and flag deviations and make appropriate operational decisions in real time). We will work
with SCL and the Port to identify which measures should be applied and how to improve the cyber
security of the whole.
Recent advancements in cyber process hazard analysis (PHA) methodologies facilitate a systematic
process for linking cyber events to challenges of the system processes. Cyber PHA methodologies
are top-down methods which model the data/information flow in the system, identify unsafe control
actions between operators, controllers, & process components, and link unsafe control actions to
hazards and consequences of the system. Utilizing top-down methods help bound and prioritize
cybersecurity plans by focusing on cyber events that result in physical hazards and consequences,
such as system equipment damage and loss of power generation, respectively. Cyber PHA methods
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ANNEX A/PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

have been applied to many diverse systems across various industrial sectors to identify emergent
system properties. For novel applications such as hydrogen interactions with the electric grid,
identifying  emergent  system  properties  and  protecting  against  cyber-induced  hazards  and
consequences will ensure safe and secure operations for future operators. 
Task 5: Risk Assessment for Stakeholder Engagement 
Deploying large-scale hydrogen energy systems will require the acceptance of local stakeholders.
This will be key for any future deployment at the Port. This work will examine using the risk
assessment developed by Tasks 1-4 as means to engage local stakeholders and gain acceptance.
PNNL has extensive experience in engaging stakeholders and communicating risk for large-scale
energy projects. This experience will be leveraged for this effort. 

III. SCHEDULE, MILESTONES AND DELIVERABLES 
Project Milestones and Deliverables 
Milestone                                 Description                                Milestone Type 
Year 1 
Complete initial data collection from SCL and Port of
Y1Q1                                                              Progress 
Seattle (Port, SCL, PNNL, and SNL) 
Conceptualization of initial risk models, identification of
Y1Q2            additional data needs, and the development of the strategy     Progress 
we will use to close any knowledge gaps. (PNNL, SNL) 
Complete initial risk model and HYRAM integration 
Y1Q3                                                              Progress 
(PNNL, SNL) 
Complete status report on risk model progress and initial
Y1Q4 -1                                                               Progress/deliverable 
model results (PNNL, SNL) 
Complete workshop with stakeholders presenting methods     Annual & Go/No-
Y1Q4 -2 
(PNNL, SNL, SCL, Port)                                  Go 
Year 2 
Integration of workshop feedback into risk model (PNNL,
Y2Q1                                                              Progress 
SNL) 
Complete preliminary risk analyses for all tasks (PNNL,
Y2Q2                                                              Progress 
SNL) 
Presentation of initial results to SCL/Port of Seattle for all
Y2Q3                                                              Progress 
tasks and project integration (PNNL, SNL) 
Finalize report for OSTI distribution, per the requirements
Annual & Final
Y2Q4           of CRADA Article X Reports and Publications. (PNNL,
Deliverable 
SNL, SCL, Port) 



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ANNEX A/PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

IV. TOTAL COST AND RESOURCE CONTRIBUTIONS 
Federal  Cost    Federal  Cost    Federal  Cost
Funds    share    Funds    share    Funds    share 
Year 1               Year 2              Total Project 
PNNL            $200,000         $200,000         $400,000 
SNL               $185,000          $185,000          $370,000 
SCL (in kind)                   $55,000             $55,000             $110,000 
SCL (cash)                     $37,500            $37,500            $75,000 
Port (in kind)                    $55,000              $55,000              $110,000 
Port (cash)                       $17,500             $17,500             $35,000 
Total                                                         $1,100,000 
SCL will provide an in-kind contribution to this project. 
SCL's In-Kind Contribution          Year 1                 Year 2                  Total 
A.   Personnel                                    $50,000                  $100,000 
B.   Travel                                         $5,000                   $10,000 
C.   Equipment 
D.   Supplies 
E.   Contractual 
F.   Other 
Total Direct Charges                           $55,000                 $55,000                $110,000 
Indirect Charges 
Total Project Costs                $55,000                  $55,000                $110,000 
The Port will provide an in-kind contribution to this project. 
Port's In-Kind Contribution          Year 1                 Year 2                  Total 
A.   Personnel                                    $50,000                   $50,000                  $100,000 
B.   Travel                                         $5,000                    $5,000                   $10,000 
C.   Equipment 
D.   Supplies 
E.   Contractual 
F.   Other 
Total Direct Charges                           $55,000                 $55,000                $110,000 
Indirect Charges 
Total Project Costs                $55,000                  $55,000                $110,000 

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ANNEX A/PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00 

DIRECT FUNDS-IN 
SCL will also be providing a funds-in contribution to this project. 
SCL's Funds-In Contribution         Year 1                Year 2                  Total 
A.   Personnel (PNNL Labor)                    $37,500                   $37,500                   $75,000 
B.   Travel 
C.   Equipment 
D.   Supplies 
E.   Contractual 
F.   Other 
Total Direct Charges                           $37,500                 $37,500                 $75,000 
Indirect Charges 
Total Project Costs                $37,500                  $37,500                  $75,000 
The Port will also be providing a funds-in contribution to this project. 
Port's Funds-In 
Year 1                  Year 2                    Total 
Contribution 
A.   Personnel (PNNL Labor)                    $17,500                   $17,500                   $35,000 
B.   Travel 
C.   Equipment 
D.   Supplies 
E.   Contractual 
F.   Other 
Total Direct Charges                           $17,500                 $17,500                 $35,000 
Indirect Charges 
Total Project Costs                $17,500                  $17,500                  $35,000 







8

ANNEX B/PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00

ANNEX B 

OPTION AGREEMENT 
FOR 
CRADA NO. PNNL/554

As a supplement to the above-referenced CRADA, the Parties to such CRADA have agreed that
the Participants shall have the option to negotiate a semi-exclusive license (limited to the number
of parties to the CRADA) in the Field of Use set forth below for any Subject Invention made
solely or jointly by Battelle and NTESS as Contractors during the performance of work under
this CRADA. Such option must be exercised, in writing, within three (3) months after
completion of work under the CRADA, or termination of the CRADA according to Article XIII,
whichever occurs first. The parties must conclude their license negotiations and execute a
license agreement within six (6) months from the date Participant notifies Battelle and/or NTESS 
that Participant wishes to enter into a license, or this option will terminate. Any license granted
pursuant to this option shall be subject to: 
1.     a written notice of election to exercise the option addressed to:
Battelle Memorial Institute 
Attn: Manager, IP Transactions, MS K1-53
902 Battelle Blvd, P.O. Box 999
Richland, WA 99354
2.     a Field of Use defined as: Hydrogen generation, storage, transportation, and delivery
3.     the U.S. Government retaining a nonexclusive, nontransferable, irrevocable, paid-up
license to practice the invention or have the invention practiced throughout the world by
or on behalf of the U.S. Government;
4.     march-in rights by the U.S. Government as defined in Article VI of the CRADA;
5.     specified license and patenting fees, royalties and diligence requirements to be negotiated
by the Parties.

ANNEX D/PNNL 554/NTESS 2018.00
ANNEX D
For 
CRADA No. PNNL/554
List of Background Intellectual Property 

Contractor-Owned Background Intellectual Property: 
PNNL: None 
SNL: SCR 1703.3  HyRAM+ v4  "Hydrogen Plus Other Alternative Fuels Risk Assessment
Models": Authors  Brian Ehrhart, Gregory Walkup, Eri Carrier, Alice Muna, Myra Blaylock,
Katrina Grothe, Ethan Hecht, Isaac Ekoto, Benjamin Schroeder; Approved: October 6, 2021

Participant Background Intellectual Property:
Seattle City Light: None
Port of Seattle: None